Background
Methods
Melanoma cases
Mutation screening of candidate genes
Immunochemical analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Predisposing mutations in melanoma
Gene | Nucleotide | Codon | Base Change | Amino Acid Change | Designation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P16
CDKN2A
| 35 | 12 | C to A | Ser to Stop | S12X |
P16
CDKN2A
| 71 | 24 | G to C | Arg to Pro | A24P |
P16
CDKN2A
| 76 | 26 | G to T | Glu to Stop | E26X |
P16
CDKN2A
| 106 | 36 | G to A | Ala to Thr | A36T |
P16
CDKN2A
| 176 | 59 | T to G | Val to Gly | V59G |
P16
CDKN2A
| 301 | 101 | G to T | Gly to Trp | G101W |
P16
CDKN2A
| 326 | 109 | C to T | Ala to Val | A109V |
BRCA2
| 8503 | 2835 | T to C | Ser to Pro | Ser2835Pro |
BRCA2
| 8765 | 2845 | delAG | Stop 2867 | 8765delAG |
Analyzed gene
Patients' origin | No. of analyzed patients | Positive cases | |
---|---|---|---|
No. | % | ||
CDKN2A
|
846
|
16
|
1.9
|
non-Sardinian
|
545
|
16
|
2.9
|
Familial
|
35
|
6
|
17.1
|
Sporadic
|
510
|
10
|
2.0
|
Sardinian
|
301
|
0
| |
Familial
|
10
|
0
| |
Sporadic
|
291
|
0
| |
BRCA2
|
455
|
4
|
0.9
|
non-Sardinian
|
154
|
0
| |
Sardinian
|
301
|
4
|
1.3
|
North Sardinia | 91 | 4 | 4.4 |
Familial
|
4
|
1
|
25.0
|
Sporadic
|
87
|
3
|
3.4
|
Middle-South Sardinia | 210 | 0 | |
Familial
|
6
|
0
| |
Sporadic
|
204
|
0
|
MC1R variants | Landi's classification | Positive cases (N = 269) | % | Positive controls (N = 102) | % | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Val60leu (V60L) | R | 88 | 32.7 | 32 | 31.4 | n.s. |
Ser83Pro (S83P) | R | 3 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | n.s. |
Asp84Glu (D84E) | R | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Val92Met (V92M) | R | 16 | 5.9 | 5 | 4.9 | n.s. |
Thr95Met (T95M) | R | 3 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.0 | n.s. |
Gly104Ser (G104S) | R | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.0 | n.s. |
Arg142Cys (R142C) | R | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Arg142His (R142H) | R | 9 | 3.3 | 3 | 2.9 | n.s. |
Arg151Cys (R151C)
|
R
|
19
|
7.1
|
1
|
1.0
|
> 0.01
|
Tyr152Term (Y152Term) | R | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Ile155Thr (I155T) | R | 4 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.0 | n.s. |
Arg160Trp (R160W)
|
R
|
13
|
4.8
|
3
|
2.9
|
0.136
|
Arg163Gln (R163Q) | R | 7 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.0 | n.s. |
Ser172Ile (S172I) | R | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Arg213Trp (R213W) | R | 5 | 1.9 | 1 | 1.0 | n.s. |
Ile221Thr (I 221 T) | R | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Pro256Ser (P256S) | R | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Asp294His (D294H)
|
R
|
31
|
11.5
|
5
|
4.9
|
0.048
|
Thr308Met (T308M) | R | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
InsA724 | R | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
Positive cases | |||
---|---|---|---|
Subgroups (No. of subjects) | No. | % |
P
|
Patients(269) | |||
R/R or R/r or R/wt genotypes |
63
| 23.4 |
0.041
|
Controls(102) | |||
R/R or R/r or R/wt genotypes |
9
| 8.8 |
Pathogenetic alterations in melanoma
Case
|
Sex
|
Age at diagnosis
|
Primary tumour
|
Lymph node metastasis
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BRAF
|
NRAS
|
p16
CDKN2A
|
BRAF
|
NRAS
|
p16
CDKN2A
| |||
MN01 | M | 43 | L597R | |||||
MN02 | F | 63 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN03 | M | 51 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN04 | M | 40 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN06 | M | 49 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN07 | M | 39 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN08 | F | 65 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN09 | M | 34 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN10 | M | 67 |
V600E
|
Arg24Pro
| V600E | Arg24Pro | ||
MN11 | M | 84 |
V600K
| V600K | ||||
MN12 | M | 74 | ||||||
MN14 | M | 41 |
n.t.
| |||||
MN15 | M | 63 | Arg80ter | |||||
MN18 | M | 75 | ||||||
MN19 | M | 30 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN20 | F | 45 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN21 | M | 35 |
Ala36Thr
| Ala36Th | ||||
MN22 | M | 71 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN25 | F | 35 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN26 | M | 50 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN27 | F | 48 | ||||||
MN28 | F | 58 |
Q61K
| Q61K | ||||
MN29 | M | 51 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN31 | M | 40 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN34 | F | 65 |
Q61R
|
Ala109Val
| Q61R | Ala109Val | ||
MN35 | M | 61 | ||||||
MN36 | M | 64 |
Trp110ter
| Trp110ter | ||||
MN41 | F | 69 | ||||||
MN45 | F | 56 |
n.t.
|
n.t.
|
n.t.
| Arg80ter | ||
MN05 | M | 51 |
V600E
| V600E | IVS1+1G>A | |||
MN55 | F | 34 | ||||||
MN56 | F | 36 |
V600E
| V600E | ||||
MN59 | F | 53 |
Q61K
| Q61K | ||||
MN68 | M | 45 |
Q61R
| Q61R | ||||
MN75 | F | 56 |
Q61R
|
Arg24Pro
| Q61R | Arg24Pro |
Cell line
derived from
| ERK1 | ERK2 | pERK | p16 | BRAF | NRAS | p16CDKN2A
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary melanoma
| |||||||
GR-Mel
| +++ | ++ | + | ++ | |||
LCP-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
V600R
|
Del exon 2
| |
MNG
| +++ | +++ |
++/+++
|
+
| |||
PNP-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
V600E
|
G101W
| |
ST-Mel
| ++/+++ | +++ |
+++
| ++ |
G466E
| ||
Metastatic lymph node
| |||||||
CN-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
Q61R
| ||
CR-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
Q61K
|
Del exon 2
| |
GL-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
Del exon 2
| ||
LCM-Mel
| +++ | ++ |
++
|
-
|
V600R
|
Del exons 1-2
| |
MAR
| +++ | +/++ | + |
+
| |||
SK-Mel-28
| +++ | ++ |
++
| +++ |
V600E
| ||
13443-Mel
| +++ | ++ | + |
+++
| |||
Cutaneous metastasis
| |||||||
LB-24-Mel
| +++ | +++ |
+++
| ++ | |||
M14
| +++ | +++ |
++
|
+
|
V600E
|
455insCdel26 IVS1+2T>C
| |
PR-Mel
| +++ | +++ | + | ++ |
V600R
| ||
SN-Mel
| ++ | ++/+++ | + | ++ |
V600E
| ||
WM-266-4
| +++ | ++ |
++/+++
|
-
|
V600D
|
Del exon 1
| |
397-Mel
| ++ | ++ |
++
|
+
|
Del exon 2
|