nach oben

Erschienen in:

31.07.2020 | Original Contribution

Serum magnesium concentration and incident cognitive impairment: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study

verfasst von: Cheng Chen, Pengcheng Xun, Frederick Unverzagt, Leslie A. McClure, Marguerite Ryan Irvin, Suzanne Judd, Mary Cushman, Ka He

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition | Ausgabe 3/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To examine the prospective association between serum Mg level and the incidence of cognitive impairment.

Methods

A random sub-cohort (n = 2063) from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort was included in this study. Baseline serum Mg concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to the current reference interval of serum magnesium (0.75–0.95 mmol/L), we classified participants below the interval as Level 1 and used it as the referent. The rest of the study population were equally divided into three groups, named Level 2 to 4. Incident cognitive impairment was identified using the Six-Item Screener. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse threshold association between serum Mg level and incident cognitive impairment was observed. Compared to those with hypomagnesemia (Level 1: < 0.75 mmol/L), the relative odds of incident cognitive impairment was reduced by 41% in the second level [OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.37, 0.94)]; higher serum Mg level did not provide further benefits [Level 3 and 4 versus Level 1: OR (95% CI) = 0.54 (0.34, 0.88) and 0.59 (0.36, 0.96), P for linear trend = 0.08].

Conclusions

Findings from this prospective study suggest that sufficient Mg status within the normal range may be beneficial to cognitive health in the US general population.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Wimo A, Jonsson L, Bond J, Prince M, Winblad B, Alzheimer Disease I (2013) The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement 9(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.006e13CrossRefPubMed

Karri V, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V (2016) Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As and MeHg) as risk factors for cognitive dysfunction: a general review of metal mixture mechanism in brain. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 48:203–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.016CrossRefPubMed

Poenaru S, Manicom R, Rouhani S et al (1997) Stability of brain content of magnesium in experimental hypomagnesemia. Brain Res 769(2):329–332CrossRef

Kim SJ, Linden DJ (2007) Ubiquitous plasticity and memory storage. Neuron 56(4):582–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.030CrossRefPubMed

Lisman JE, McIntyre CC (2001) Synaptic plasticity: a molecular memory switch. Curr Biol 11(19):R788–791CrossRef

Roberts EL Jr (1999) Using hippocampal slices to study how aging alters ion regulation in brain tissue. Methods 18(2):150–159. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.1999.0768CrossRefPubMed

Slutsky I, Abumaria N, Wu LJ et al (2010) Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium. Neuron 65(2):165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.026CrossRefPubMed

Huang Y, Huang X, Zhang L et al (2018) Magnesium boosts the memory restorative effect of environmental enrichment in Alzheimer’s disease mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 24(1):70–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12775CrossRefPubMed

Bardgett ME, Schultheis PJ, Muzny A, Riddle MD, Wagge JR (2007) Magnesium deficiency reduces fear-induced conditional lick suppression in mice. Magn Res 20(1):58–65

10.

Balmus IM, Strungaru SA, Ciobica A et al (2017) Preliminary data on the interaction between some biometals and oxidative stress status in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:7156928. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7156928CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ (2011) Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Magnes Res 24(3):S115–121. https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2011.0287CrossRefPubMed

12.

Veronese N, Zurlo A, Solmi M et al (2016) Magnesium status in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 31(3):208–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317515602674CrossRefPubMed

13.

Cilliler AE, Ozturk S, Ozbakir S (2007) Serum magnesium level and clinical deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease. Gerontology 53(6):419–422. https://doi.org/10.1159/000110873CrossRefPubMed

14.

Corsonello A, Pedone C, Pahor M et al (2001) Serum magnesium levels and cognitive impairment in hospitalized hypertensive patients. Magnes Res 14(4):273–282PubMed

15.

Kieboom BCT, Licher S, Wolters FJ et al (2017) Serum magnesium is associated with the risk of dementia. Neurology 89(16):1716–1722. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004517CrossRefPubMed

16.

Howard VJ, Cushman M, Pulley L et al (2005) The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study: objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology 25(3):135–143. https://doi.org/10.1159/000086678CrossRefPubMed

17.

Cai J, Zeng D (2004) Sample size/power calculation for case-cohort studies. Biometrics 60(4):1015–1024CrossRef

18.

Cushman M, Jenny NS, Zakai NA et al (2014) N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and stroke risk: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke cohort. Stroke 45(6):1646–1650. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004712CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Kabagambe EK, Judd SE, Howard VJ et al (2011) Inflammation biomarkers and risk of all-cause mortality in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke cohort. Am J Epidemiol 174(3):284–292. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr085CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Chen C, Xun P, McClure LA et al (2018) Serum mercury concentration and the risk of ischemic stroke: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke trace element study. Environ Int 117:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.001CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Cushman M, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Jenny NS, Lakoski SG, Howard G (2009) Implications of increased C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk stratification in black and white men and women in the US. Clin Chem 55(9):1627–1636. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.122093CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC (2002) Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care 40(9):771–781. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000024610.33213.c8CrossRef

23.

Morris JC, Mohs RC, Rogers H, Fillenbaum G, Heyman A (1988) Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 24(4):641–652PubMed

24.

Rosen WG (1980) Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2(2):135–146CrossRef

25.

Benton AL, Sivan AB, de Hamsher K, Varney NR (1994) Contributions to neuropsychological assessment: a clinical manual. Oxford University Press, Oxford

26.

Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC et al (2006) National Institute of neurological disorders and stroke-canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke 37(9):2220–2241. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.Str.0000237236.88823.47CrossRefPubMed

27.

Gillett SR, Thacker EL, Letter AJ et al (2015) Correlates of incident cognitive impairment in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study. Clin Neuropsychol 29(4):466–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2015.1042524CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Pearson KE, Wadley VG, McClure LA, Shikany JM, Unverzagt FW, Judd SE (2016) Dietary patterns are associated with cognitive function in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort. J Nutr Sci 5:e38. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.27CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J (1993) Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index. J Aging Health 5(2):179–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439300500202CrossRefPubMed

30.

Lowenstein FW, Stanton MF (1986) Serum magnesium levels in the United States, 1971-1974. J Am Coll Nutr 5(4):399–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1986.10720143CrossRefPubMed

31.

Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A et al (2016) Perspective: the case for an evidence-based reference interval for serum magnesium: the time has come. Adv Nutr 7(6):977–993. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.012765CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Wilmott LA, Thompson LT (2013) Sex- and dose-dependent effects of post-trial calcium channel blockade by magnesium chloride on memory for inhibitory avoidance conditioning. Behav Brain Res 257:49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.047CrossRefPubMed

33.

Levine DA, Galecki AT, Langa KM et al (2015) Trajectory of cognitive decline after incident stroke. JAMA 314(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.6968CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Chui D, Chen Z, Yu J et al (2011) Magnesium in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Vink R, Nechifor M (eds) Magnesium in the central nervous system. University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide

35.

Billard JM (2011) Brain free magnesium homeostasis as a target for reducing cognitive aging. In: Vink R, Nechifor M (eds) Magnesium in the central nervous system. University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide

36.

Furukawa Y, Kasai N, Torimitsu K (2009) Effect of Mg2 + on neural activity of rat cortical and hippocampal neurons in vitro. Magnes Res 22(3):174s–181sCrossRef

37.

Landfield PW, Morgan GA (1984) Chronically elevating plasma Mg2 + improves hippocampal frequency potentiation and reversal learning in aged and young rats. Brain Res 322(1):167–171CrossRef

38.

Matsuda H, Saigusa A, Irisawa H (1987) Ohmic conductance through the inwardly rectifying K channel and blocking by internal Mg2+. Nature 325(7000):156–159. https://doi.org/10.1038/325156a0CrossRefPubMed

39.

Slutsky I, Sadeghpour S, Li B, Liu G (2004) Enhancement of synaptic plasticity through chronically reduced Ca2 + flux during uncorrelated activity. Neuron 44(5):835–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.013CrossRefPubMed

40.

Xu ZP, Li L, Bao J et al (2014) Magnesium protects cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer’s model. PLoS ONE 9(9):e108645. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108645CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Neves G, Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2008) Synaptic plasticity, memory and the hippocampus: a neural network approach to causality. Nat Rev Neurosci 9(1):65–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2303CrossRefPubMed

42.

Hans CP, Chaudhary DP, Bansal DD (2003) Effect of magnesium supplementation on oxidative stress in alloxanic diabetic rats. Magnes Res 16(1):13–19PubMed

43.

Yang Y, Wu Z, Chen Y et al (2006) Magnesium deficiency enhances hydrogen peroxide production and oxidative damage in chick embryo hepatocyte in vitro. Biometals 19(1):71–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-005-6898-1CrossRefPubMed

44.

Nielsen FH (2018) Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives. J Inflamm Res 11:25–34. https://doi.org/10.2147/jir.s136742CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Morais JB, Severo JS, Santos LR et al (2017) Role of magnesium in oxidative stress in individuals with obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 176(1):20–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0793-1CrossRefPubMed

46.

Malon A, Brockmann C, Fijalkowska-Morawska J, Rob P, Maj-Zurawska M (2004) Ionized magnesium in erythrocytes–the best magnesium parameter to observe hypo- or hypermagnesemia. Clin Chim Acta 349(1–2):67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2004.06.006CrossRefPubMed

47.

Reddy ST, Soman SS, Yee J (2018) Magnesium balance and measurement. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 25(3):224–229. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2018.03.002CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Serum magnesium concentration and incident cognitive impairment: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study
verfasst von: Cheng Chen
Pengcheng Xun
Frederick Unverzagt
Leslie A. McClure
Marguerite Ryan Irvin
Suzanne Judd
Mary Cushman
Ka He
Publikationsdatum: 31.07.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02353-7

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Serum magnesium concentration and incident cognitive impairment: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study