Background
Methods
Data source and study design
Definition of variables
Outcome variable
Explanatory variables
Data analyses
Results
Proportion of women who received skilled antenatal care services in sub-Saharan Africa
Country | Frequency | Percentage | Proportion of women who utilized the services of skilled personnel during antenatal care |
---|---|---|---|
1. Angola 2015 – 2016 | 5,674 | 3.0 | 81.1 |
2. Benin, 2017 – 2018 | 7,957 | 4.2 | 82.5 |
3. Burundi, 2016 – 2017 | 7,856 | 4.1 | 8.4 |
4. Burkina Faso 2010 | 10,074 | 5.4 | 33.4 |
5. Cameroon, 2018 | 5,152 | 2.7 | 82.3 |
6. Chad, 2014 – 2015 | 3,398 | 1.8 | 56.1 |
7. Comoros, 2012 | 1,911 | 1.0 | 92.4 |
8. Congo DR, 2013 – 2014 | 10,092 | 5.3 | 88.6 |
9. Congo 2011 – 2012 | 5,034 | 2.6 | 86.2 |
10. Cote d’lvoire, 2011 – 2014 | 4,343 | 2.2 | 90.3 |
11. Ethiopia, 2016 | 7,070 | 3.7 | 48.1 |
12. Gabon, 2012 | 2,545 | 1.3 | 95.3 |
13. Ghana, 2014 | 3,682 | 1.9 | 90.3 |
14. Gambia, 2013 | 4,893 | 2.5 | 99.2 |
15. Guinea, 2018 | 5,030 | 2.6 | 80.2 |
16. Kenya, 2014 | 6,196 | 3.3 | 98.8 |
17. Lesotho, 2014 – 2015 | 2,251 | 1.2 | 95.5 |
18. Liberia, 2013 | 3,832 | 2.0 | 95.7 |
19. Malawi, 2015 – 2016 | 11,050 | 5.8 | 95.0 |
20. Mali, 2018 | 6,130 | 3.2 | 79.0 |
21. Mozambique, 2011 | 6,988 | 3.7 | 90.3 |
22. Namibia, 2013 | 1,830 | 1.0 | 96.4 |
23. Nigeria, 2018 | 20,320 | 10.7 | 66.8 |
24. Niger, 2012 | 7,821 | 4.1 | 82.9 |
25. Rwanda, 2014 – 2015 | 5,381 | 2.8 | 99.2 |
26. Sierra Leone, 2019 | 5,814 | 3.1 | 97.9 |
27. South Africa, 2016 | 616 | 0.3 | 11.0 |
28. Togo, 2013 – 2014 | 4,525 | 2.4 | 49.6 |
29. Tanzania, 2016 | 5,684 | 3.0 | 11.0 |
30. Uganda, 2016 | 8,048 | 4.2 | 97.5 |
31. Zambia, 2018 | 5,313 | 2.9 | 97.1 |
32. Zimbabwe, 2015 | 4,166 | 2.2 | 93.2 |
All Countries | 190,903 | 100 | 76.0 |
Distribution of skilled antenatal care services utilisation across background characteristics of respondents
Variable | Frequency = 190,903 | Percentage (100%) | Proportion of women who utilized the services of skilled personnel during antenatal care |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
15 – 19 | 11,177 | 5.9 | 77.1 |
20 – 24 | 40,238 | 21.0 | 77.2 |
25 – 29 | 50,218 | 26.3 | 77.1 |
30 – 34 | 40,755 | 21.4 | 76.5 |
35 – 39 | 29,250 | 15.3 | 75.3 |
40 – 44 | 14,417 | 7.6 | 71.1 |
45 – 49 | 4,847 | 2.5 | 67.6 |
Place of residence | |||
Urban | 60,584 | 31.8 | 90.0 |
Rural | 130,319 | 68.2 | 69.5 |
Level of education | |||
No education | 76,770 | 40.2 | 62.5 |
Primary | 62,581 | 32.8 | 79.4 |
Secondary | 44,575 | 23.3 | 91.3 |
Higher | 6,977 | 3.7 | 97.3 |
Wealth status | |||
Poorest | 41,105 | 21.5 | 64.9 |
Poorer | 40,683 | 21.3 | 71.0 |
Middle | 38,524 | 20.2 | 76.1 |
Richer | 36,935 | 19.4 | 81.6 |
Richest | 33,656 | 17.6 | 89.3 |
Marital status | |||
Married | 148,131 | 77.6 | 74.5 |
Living with partner | 36,121 | 18.9 | 80.0 |
Widowed | 1,380 | 0.7 | 80.1 |
Divorced | 1,224 | 0.6 | 87.4 |
Separated | 4,047 | 2.2 | 89.4 |
Partner’s educational level | |||
No education | 64,825 | 34.0 | 62.0 |
Primary | 55,481 | 29.1 | 74.8 |
Secondary | 56,448 | 29.5 | 88.7 |
Higher | 14,149 | 7.4 | 94.4 |
Frequency of listening to radio | |||
Not at all | 82,320 | 43.1 | 70.1 |
Less than once a week | 38,388 | 20.1 | 77.6 |
At least once a week | 65,304 | 34.2 | 81.7 |
Almost every day | 4,891 | 2.5 | 86.5 |
Frequency of watching television | |||
Not at all | 121,825 | 63.8 | 69.3 |
Less than once a week | 23,4,6 | 12.3 | 81.6 |
At least once a week | 37,229 | 19.5 | 90.0 |
Almost every day | 8,443 | 4.4 | 95.8 |
Getting medical help for self: getting permission to go | |||
Big problem | 36,541 | 19.1 | 70.1 |
Not a big problem | 154,362 | 80.9 | 77.7 |
Getting medical help for self: getting money needed for treatment | |||
Big problem | 104,924 | 55.0 | 71.3 |
Not a big problem | 85,979 | 45.0 | 81.7 |
Getting medical help for self: distance to health facility | |||
Big problem | 78,394 | 41.1 | 70.8 |
Not a big problem | 112,509 | 58.9 | 79.6 |
Predictors of skilled antenatal care services utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa
Variable | Frequency (%) | Model 1 Crude Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Model 2 Adjusted Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
15 – 19 | 11,177 (5.9) | 0.99(0.95, 1.04) | 0.97(0.91, 1.03) |
20 – 24 | 40,238 (21.0) | 1.01(0.98, 1.04) | 0.99(0.95, 1.03) |
25 – 29 | 50,218 (26.3) | Ref | Ref |
30 – 34 | 40,755 (21.4) | 0.97(0.94, 1.00) | 1.04(0.99, 1.08) |
35 – 39 | 29,250 (15.3) | 0.92***(0.89, 0.95) | 1.06*(1.02, 1.11) |
40 – 44 | 14,417 (7.6) | 0.75***(0.71, 0.78) | 0.94(0.90, 1.00) |
45 – 49 | 4,847 (2.5) | 0.63***(0.59, 0.67) | 0.86**(0.79, 0.93) |
Place of residence | |||
Urban | 60,584 (31.8) | 3.35***(3.26, 3.45) | 1.60***(1.53, 1.68) |
Rural | 130,319 (68.2) | Ref | Ref |
Level of education | |||
No education | 76,770 (40.2) | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 62,581 (32.8) | 2.39***(2.33, 2.45) | 1.56***(1.49, 1.63) |
Secondary | 44,575 (23.3) | 5.15***(4.98, 5.33) | 2.11***(1.99, 2.23) |
Higher | 6,977 (3.7) | 19.31***(16.70, 22.33) | 4.06***(3.38, 4.87) |
Wealth status | |||
Poorest | 41,105 (21.5) | Ref | Ref |
Poorer | 40,683 (21.3) | 1.41***(1.37, 1.45) | 1.43***(1.37, 1.49) |
Middle | 38,524 (20.2) | 1.77***(1.71, 1.82) | 1.70***(1.62, 1.77) |
Richer | 36,935 (19.4) | 2.27***(2.20, 2.35) | 2.13***(2.01, 2.25) |
Richest | 33,656 (17.6) | 4.01***(3.86, 4.17) | 3.16***(2.91, 3.42) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 148,131 (77.6) | Ref | Ref |
Living with partner | 36,121 (18.9) | 1.32***(1.30, 1.37) | 0.97(0.92, 1.02) |
Widowed | 1,380 (0.7) | 1.46***(1.29, 1.65) | 0.84*(0.72, 0.99) |
Divorced | 1,224 (0.6) | 2.90***(2.49, 3.37) | 0.89(0.75, 1.06) |
Separated | 4,047 (2.2) | 2.66***(2.42, 2.93) | 1.05(0.94, 1.18) |
Partner’s educational level | |||
No education | 64,825 (34.0) | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 55,481 (29.1) | 1.90***(1.86, 1.95) | 1.55***(1.48, 1.62) |
Secondary | 56,448 (29.5) | 4.20***(4.08, 4.32) | 1.76***(1.67, 1.85) |
Higher | 14,149 (7.4) | 9.05***(8.43, 9.71) | 2.11***(1.92, 2.32) |
Frequency of listening to radio | |||
Not at all | 82,320 (43.1) | Ref | Ref |
Less than once a week | 38,388 (20.1) | 1.46***(1.42, 1.50) | 1.32***(1.26, 1.38) |
At least once a week | 65,304 (34.2) | 1.86***(1.81, 1.90) | 1.29***(1.24, 1.35) |
Almost every day | 4,891 (2.5) | 2.76***(2.56, 2.97) | 1.46***(1.30, 1.63) |
Frequency of watching television | |||
Not at all | 121,825 (63.8) | Ref | Ref |
Less than once a week | 23,4,6 (12.3) | 1.90***(1.84, 1.98) | 1.21***(1.37, 1.49) |
At least once a week | 37,229 (19.5) | 3.69***(3.56, 3.82) | 1.40***(1.32, 1.48) |
Almost every day | 8,443 (4.4.) | 8.48***(7.63, 9.43) | 2.57***(2.24, 2.94) |
Getting medical help for self: getting permission to go | |||
Big problem | 36,541 (19.1) | 0.66***(0.64, 0.68) | 0.74***(0.71, 0.77) |
Not a big problem | 154,362 (80.9) | Ref | Ref |
Getting medical help for self: getting money needed for treatment | |||
Big problem | 104,924 (55.0) | Ref | Ref |
Not a big problem | 85,979 (45.0) | 1.85***(1.81, 1.89) | 0.96**(0.92, 0.99) |
Getting medical help for self: distance to health facility | |||
Big problem | 78,394 (41.1) | 0.63***(0.61, 0.64) | 0.75***(0.72, 0.77) |
Not a big problem | 112,509 (58.9) | Ref | Ref |
Survey country | |||
Nigeria | 20,320 (10.7) | Ref | Ref |
Angola | 5,674 (3.0) | 1.85***(1.72, 1.98) | 1.77***(1.62, 1.93) |
Benin | 7,957 (4.2) | 2.37***(2.22, 2.52) | 3.62***(3.37, 3.89) |
Burundi | 7,856 (4.1) | 0.06***(0.05, 0.06) | 0.05***(0.04, 0.05) |
Burkina Faso | 10,074 (5.4) | 0.24***(0.23, 0.26) | 0.34***(0.32, 0.36) |
Cameroon | 5,152 (2.7) | 2.43***(2.24, 2.63) | 2.67***(2.44, 2.91) |
Chad | 3,398 (1.8) | 0.57***(0.53, 0.61) | 1.08(0.99, 1.17) |
Comoros | 1,911 (1.0) | 6.16***(5.18, 7.32) | 7.93***(6.62, 9.50) |
Congo DR | 10,092 (5.3) | 3.09***(2.90, 3.29) | 3.62***(3.37, 3.89) |
Congo | 5,034 (2.6) | 1.81***(1.69, 1.94) | 1.72***(1.58, 1.89) |
Cote d’lvoire | 4,343 (2.2) | 4.18***(3.79, 4.61) | 7.44***(6.70, 8.25) |
Ethiopia | 7,070 (3.7) | 0.62***(0.59, 0.66) | 1.01(0.94, 1.08) |
Gabon | 2,545 (1.3) | 5.05***(4.43, 5.75) | 3.03***(2.60, 3.52) |
Ghana | 3,682 (1.9) | 3.51***(3.18, 3.88) | 3.62***(3.25, 4.04) |
Gambia | 4,893 (2.5) | 76.33***(54.14, 107.63) | 115.42***(81.72, 163.03) |
Guinea | 5,030 (2.6) | 2.06***(1.91, 2.22) | 4.05***(3.73, 4.40) |
Kenya | 6,196 (3.3) | 8.68***(7.78, 9.68) | 9.86***(8.78, 11.07) |
Lesotho | 2,251 (1.2) | 10.59***(8.68, 12.92) | 9.52***(7.75, 11.68) |
Liberia | 3,832 (2.0) | 7.91***(6.97, 8.98) | 12.16***(10.65, 13.90) |
Malawi | 11,050 (5.8) | 10.06***(9.18, 11.03) | 11.19***(10.15, 12.35) |
Mali | 6,130 (3.2) | 1.62***(1.52, 1.73) | 2.48***(2.30, 2.67) |
Mozambique | 6,988 (3.7) | 6.13***(5.57, 6.74) | 7.63***(6.89, 8.45) |
Namibia | 1,830 (1.0) | 11.00***(8.87, 13.66) | 8.80***(7.04, 11.01) |
Niger | 7,821 (4.1) | 2.38****(2.22, 2.54) | 4.30***(4.00, 4.63) |
Rwanda | 5,381 (2.8) | 65.38***(48.02, 89.03) | 63.59***(46.56, 86.84) |
Sierra Leone | 5,814 (3.1) | 23.36***(19.55, 27.92) | 49.04***(40.92, 58.78) |
South Africa | 616 (0.3) | 11.79***(7.76, 17.92) | 5.51***(3.59, 8.46) |
Togo | 4,525 (2.4) | 0.37***(0.34, 0.39) | 0.29***(0.26, 0.31) |
Tanzania | 5,684 (3.0) | 0.05***(0.05, 0.06) | 0.03***(0.02, 0.03) |
Uganda | 8,048 (4.2) | 19.62***(17.05, 22.57) | 20.02***(17.47, 23.40) |
Zambia | 5,313 (2.9) | 15.05***(12.90, 17.55) | 14.22***(12.12, 16.67) |
Zimbabwe | 4,166 (2.2) | 8.39***(7.32, 9.61) | 5.29***(4.59, 6.10) |