Background
Methods
Data and sample
Variables
Emotional health
Social trust
Subjective well-being and subjective social status
Control variables
Methods description
Results
Mediation effects of subjective well-being and subjective social status on the relationship between social trust and emotional health of older adults
Variables | Mean (SD)/Percentage |
---|---|
Emotional health (1–5) | 4.22 (SD = 1.02) |
Trust in family members (1–5) | 4.82 (SD = 0.48) |
Trust in friends (1–5) | 4.35 (S = 0.71) |
Trust in neighbors (1–5) | 3.95 (SD = 0.79) |
subjective well-being (1–5) | 3.77 (SD = 0.90) |
Subjective social status (1–10) | 4.24 (SD = 1.76) |
Age (> = 60 years old) | 65.23 (SD = 1.76) |
Marital status (%) | |
Single | 0.91 |
Married or cohabit | 92.08 |
Widowed or divorced | 7.01 |
Number of family members living together | 5.05 (SD = 2.52) |
Work status (%) | |
In work | 94.24 |
Out of work | 5.76 |
Annual personal income (yuan) | 11,889.3 (SD = 19,037.3) |
Gender (%) | |
Male | 61.13 |
Female | 38.87 |
Educational level (1–9) | 2.04 (SD = 1.01) |
Self-rated health (1–5) | 2.79 (SD = 1.02) |
Trust in family members | Trust in friends | Trust in neighbors | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: emotional health | Model 2: subjective well-being | Model 3: emotional health | Model 4: emotional health | Model 5: subjective well-being | Model 6: emotional health | Model 7: emotional health | Model 8: subjective well-being | Model 9: emotional health | ||||||||||
Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | |
Trust in family members | 0.194*** | (0.043) | 0.177*** | (0.040) | 0.171*** | (0.043) | ||||||||||||
Trust in friends | 0.097*** | (0.030) | 0.174*** | (0.027) | 0.075** | (0.030) | ||||||||||||
Trust in neighbors | 0.088*** | (0.027) | 0.177*** | (0.024) | 0.065** | (0.027) | ||||||||||||
subjective well-being | 0.131*** | (0.024) | 0.132*** | (0.024) | 0.131*** | (0.024) | ||||||||||||
Age | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.017*** | (0.004) | 0.002 | (0.005) | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.017*** | (0.004) | 0.003 | (0.005) | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.017*** | (0.004) | 0.002 | (0.005) |
Marital status (ref: single) | ||||||||||||||||||
married or cohabit | 0.093 | (0.220) | 0.234 | (0.201) | 0.063 | (0.219) | 0.078 | (0.221) | 0.198 | (0.200) | 0.052 | (0.219) | 0.083 | (0.221) | 0.202 | (0.200) | 0.057 | (0.219) |
widowed or divorced | 0.063 | (0.232) | 0.094 | (0.212) | 0.051 | (0.231) | 0.042 | (0.233) | 0.053 | (0.211) | 0.035 | (0.231) | 0.040 | (0.233) | 0.043 | (0.211) | 0.034 | (0.231) |
Number of family members living together | −0.006 | (0.008) | −0.011 | (0.008) | −0.005 | (0.008) | −0.006 | (0.008) | −0.009 | (0.008) | −0.004 | (0.008) | −0.006 | (0.008) | −0.008 | (0.008) | −0.005 | (0.008) |
work status (ref: in work) | − 0.068 | (0.090) | − 0.015 | (0.082) | − 0.066 | (0.089) | − 0.082 | (0.090) | − 0.036 | (0.082) | −0.077 | (0.090) | −0.078 | (0.090) | −0.030 | (0.082) | −0.074 | (0.090) |
(log) annual personal income | 0.003 | (0.008) | 0.015** | (0.007) | 0.001 | (0.008) | 0.002 | (0.008) | 0.014** | (0.007) | 0.000 | (0.008) | 0.002 | (0.008) | 0.014** | (0.007) | 0.000 | (0.008) |
Female (ref: male) | −0.215*** | (0.047) | 0.037 | (0.043) | −0.220*** | (0.047) | −0.208*** | (0.047) | 0.044 | (0.043) | −0.214*** | (0.047) | −0.206*** | (0.047) | 0.048 | (0.043) | −0.213*** | (0.047) |
educational level | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.035* | (0.021) | 0.041* | (0.022) | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.035* | (0.020) | 0.041* | (0.022) | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.035* | (0.020) | 0.040* | (0.022) |
Self-rated health | −0.298*** | (0.021) | −0.191*** | (0.019) | −0.273*** | (0.021) | −0.296*** | (0.021) | −0.180*** | (0.019) | −0.273*** | (0.021) | −0.298*** | (0.021) | −0.181*** | (0.019) | −0.274*** | (0.021) |
_cons | 3.729*** | (0.443) | 1.953*** | (0.406) | 3.474*** | (0.443) | 4.239*** | (0.413) | 2.038*** | (0.375) | 3.971*** | (0.413) | 4.319*** | (0.406) | 2.097*** | (0.367) | 4.045*** | (0.406) |
N | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | |||||||||
R-sq | 0.132 | 0.076 | 0.144 | 0.128 | 0.085 | 0.140 | 0.128 | 0.090 | 0.140 | |||||||||
adj. R-sq | 0.127 | 0.071 | 0.140 | 0.123 | 0.080 | 0.136 | 0.124 | 0.086 | 0.135 | |||||||||
Log lik. | − 2840.335 | − 2654.713 | − 2825.309 | − 2845.088 | − 2644.319 | − 2830.070 | −2845.022 | − 2638.266 | −2830.282 |
Mediator | Path | Direct effect | Indirect effect |
---|---|---|---|
Subjective well-being | Trust in family members → subjective well-being → emotional health | 0.171 | 0.023 |
Trust in friends → subjective well-being → emotional health | 0.075 | 0.022 | |
Trust in neighbors → subjective well-being → emotional health | 0.088 | 0.023 | |
Subjective social status | Trust in friends → subjective social status → emotional health | 0.093 | 0.004 |
Trust in neighbors → subjective social status → emotional health | 0.084 | 0.004 |
Trust in family members | Trust in friends | Trust in neighbors | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: emotional health | Model 10: subjective social status | Model 11: emotional health | Model 4: emotional health | Model 12: subjective social status | Model 13: emotional health | Model 7: emotional health | Model 14: subjective social status | Model 15: emotional health | ||||||||||
Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | |
Trust in family members | 0.194*** | (0.043) | 0.118 | (0.078) | 0.190*** | (0.043) | ||||||||||||
Trust in friends | 0.097*** | (0.030) | 0.120** | (0.054) | 0.093*** | (0.030) | ||||||||||||
Trust in neighbors | 0.088*** | (0.027) | 0.090* | (0.048) | 0.084*** | (0.027) | ||||||||||||
subjective social status | 0.037*** | (0.012) | 0.037*** | (0.012) | 0.037*** | (0.012) | ||||||||||||
Age | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.022*** | (0.008) | 0.004 | (0.005) | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.022*** | (0.008) | 0.004 | (0.005) | 0.005 | (0.005) | 0.022*** | (0.008) | 0.004 | (0.005) |
marital status (ref: single) | ||||||||||||||||||
married or cohabit | 0.093 | (0.220) | 0.845** | (0.399) | 0.062 | (0.220) | 0.078 | (0.221) | 0.820** | (0.399) | 0.048 | (0.220) | 0.083 | (0.221) | 0.830** | (0.399) | 0.052 | (0.220) |
widowed or divorced | 0.063 | (0.232) | 0.685 | (0.421) | 0.038 | (0.232) | 0.042 | (0.233) | 0.657 | (0.421) | 0.018 | (0.233) | 0.040 | (0.233) | 0.660 | (0.421) | 0.016 | (0.233) |
Number of family members living together | −0.006 | (0.008) | 0.005 | (0.015) | −0.006 | (0.008) | −0.006 | (0.008) | 0.007 | (0.015) | −0.006 | (0.008) | −0.006 | (0.008) | 0.006 | (0.015) | −0.006 | (0.008) |
work status (ref: in work) | − 0.068 | (0.090) | 0.151 | (0.163) | −0.073 | (0.090) | −0.082 | (0.090) | 0.137 | (0.163) | −0.087 | (0.090) | −0.078 | (0.090) | 0.142 | (0.163) | −0.083 | (0.090) |
(log) annual personal income | 0.003 | (0.008) | 0.034** | (0.014) | 0.001 | (0.008) | 0.002 | (0.008) | 0.034** | (0.014) | 0.001 | (0.008) | 0.002 | (0.008) | 0.034** | (0.014) | 0.001 | (0.008) |
Female (ref: male) | −0.215*** | (0.047) | −0.020 | (0.086) | −0.214*** | (0.047) | −0.208*** | (0.047) | −0.015 | (0.086) | −0.208*** | (0.047) | −0.206*** | (0.047) | −0.013 | (0.086) | −0.206*** | (0.047) |
educational level | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.111*** | (0.041) | 0.041* | (0.023) | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.111*** | (0.041) | 0.041* | (0.023) | 0.045** | (0.023) | 0.110*** | (0.041) | 0.041* | (0.023) |
Self-rated health | −0.298*** | (0.021) | −0.290*** | (0.038) | −0.288*** | (0.021) | −0.296*** | (0.021) | −0.282*** | (0.038) | −0.286*** | (0.021) | −0.298*** | (0.021) | −0.286*** | (0.038) | −0.287*** | (0.021) |
_cons | 3.729*** | (0.443) | 1.708** | (0.804) | 3.667*** | (0.443) | 4.239*** | (0.413) | 1.745** | (0.747) | 4.176*** | (0.413) | 4.319*** | (0.406) | 1.916*** | (0.734) | 4.249*** | (0.406) |
N | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | 2084 | |||||||||
R-sq | 0.132 | 0.048 | 0.135 | 0.128 | 0.049 | 0.131 | 0.128 | 0.049 | 0.132 | |||||||||
adj. R-sq | 0.127 | 0.043 | 0.131 | 0.123 | 0.045 | 0.127 | 0.124 | 0.044 | 0.127 | |||||||||
Log lik. | −2840.335 | − 4081.161 | − 2835.724 | −2845.088 | − 4079.822 | −2840.526 | −2845.022 | − 4080.557 | −2840.388 |
Moderation effects of subjective well-being and subjective social status on the relationship between social trust and emotional health of older adults
Model 16: emotional health | Model 17: emotional health | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | S.E. | Coefficient | S.E. | |
Subjective well-being | 0.115*** | (0.025) | 0.806*** | (0.188) |
Subjective social status | 0.021* | (0.012) | 0.064 | (0.128) |
Trust in family members | 0.152*** | (0.047) | 0.369** | (0.166) |
Trust in friends | 0.007 | (0.040) | 0.134 | (0.166) |
Trust in neighbors | 0.037 | (0.034) | 0.287** | (0.140) |
Age | 0.002 | (0.005) | 0.003 | (0.005) |
marital status (ref: single) | ||||
married or cohabit | 0.039 | (0.219) | 0.046 | (0.218) |
widowed or divorced | 0.026 | (0.231) | 0.032 | (0.230) |
Number of family members living together | −0.004 | (0.008) | −0.003 | (0.008) |
work status (ref: in work) | −0.073 | (0.089) | −0.069 | (0.089) |
(log) annual personal income | 0.000 (0.00002) | (0.008) | −0.000 (− 0.0003) | (0.008) |
Female (ref: male) | −0.217*** | (0.047) | −0.205*** | (0.047) |
educational level | 0.039* | (0.022) | 0.038* | (0.022) |
Self-rated health | −0.267*** | (0.022) | −0.265*** | (0.021) |
Interactions | ||||
Trust in family members # Subjective well-being | −0.087** | (0.043) | ||
Trust in friends # Subjective well-being | −0.000 (− 0.00003) | (0.044) | ||
Trust in neighbors # Subjective well-being | −0.072* | (0.037) | ||
Trust in family members # Subjective social status | 0.018 | (0.027) | ||
Trust in friends # Subjective social status | −0.034 | (0.023) | ||
Trust in neighbors # Subjective social status | 0.005 | (0.019) | ||
_cons | 3.386*** | (0.446) | 0.793 | (0.844) |
N | 2084 | 2084 | ||
R-sq | 0.146 | 0.155 | ||
adj. R-sq | 0.140 | 0.147 | ||
Log lik. | − 2822.860 | − 2811.344 |