Introduction
Methods
Data sets
Year(s) data were collected | Survey | Institution collecting the data (reference) | Age range of respondents | Sample size |
---|---|---|---|---|
1997–1999 | BGS 1998 | Robert Koch Institute (2016) | 18–79 | 7124 |
1998 | Allbus 1998 | Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS, 2012) | 18+ | 3234 |
2003 | GSTel03 | Robert Koch Institute (2014d) | 18+ | 8318 |
2004 | Allbus 2004 | Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS, 2011) | 18+ | 2946 |
2006 | NBS 2006 | GFK Nürnberg (Rütten, Abu-Omar, Adlwarth, & Meierjürgen, 2007) | 10+ | 10,554 |
2008–2011 | DEGS1 2011 | Robert Koch Institute (2015) | 18–79 | 7987 |
2009 | GEDA 2009 | Robert Koch Institute (2014a) | 18+ | 21,262 |
2010 | GEDA 2010 | Robert Koch Institute (2014b) | 18+ | 22,050 |
2012 | GEDA 2012 | Robert Koch Institute (2014c) | 18+ | 19,294 |
2013 | SHARE-WAVE 5 | Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy | 50+ | 5752 |
2013–2018 | GESIS Panel 2018 | Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS, 2018b) | 18+ | 7599 |
2014 | Allbus 2014 | Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (GESIS, 2018a) | 18+ | 3471 |
2014 | GEDA 2014 | Robert Koch Institute (2018) | 18+ | 24,016 |
Assessment of physical activity and sport across data sets
Assessment of sociodemographic variables
Data analysis
Results
Comparison of social gradients of PA and sport across data sets
Correlates/determinants of engaging in sport across data sets
OR (95% CI) | Allbus 1998 | BGS 1998 | GSTel 2003 | Allbus 2004 | NBS 2006 | GEDA 2009 | GEDA 2010 | DEGS1 2011 | GEDA 2012 | Allbus 2014 | GEDA 2014 | GESIS Panel 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.89 (0.83–0.95) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.89 (0.84–0.95) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) |
Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Age 60+ | 9.26 (7.06–12.14) | 1.83 (1.52–2.20) | 1.33 (1.11–1.58) | 6.27 (4.65–8.46) | 1.65 (1.46–1.87) | 1.54 (1.40–1.69) | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 1.25 (1.04–1.51) | 1.86 (1.67–2.06) | 3.34 (2.49–4.50) | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | 2.17 (1.76–2.67) |
Age 40–59 | 2.80 (2.20–3.56) | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 2.27 (1.76–2.93) | 1.15 (1.03–1.28) | 1.26 (1.17–1.37) | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | 1.21 (1.03–1.41) | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) | 1.82 (1.39–2.39) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.85 (1.54–2.21) |
Age 18–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Education low | 2.35 (1.78–3.09) | 2.29 (1.95–2.68) | 1.91 (1.65–2.20) | 3.41 (2.54–4.58) | 1.81 (1.60–2.04) | 2.16 (1.99–2.33) | 2.37 (2.19–2.57) | 1.87 (1.56–2.25) | 2.34 (2.16–2.55) | 3.70 (2.86–4.78) | 2.16 (2.00–2.33) | 3.51 (2.89–4.27) |
Education medium | 1.20 (0.90–1.61) | 1.34 (1.12–1.62) | 1.35 (1.16–1.57) | 2.33 (1.72–3.17) | 1.58 (1.42–1.76) | 1.30 (1.20–1.41) | 1.50 (1.38–1.62) | 1.26 (1.05–1.50) | 1.49 (1.36–1.62) | 2.03 (1.56–2.63) | 1.44 (1.33–1.56) | 1.87 (1.51–2.31) |
Education high | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Income bottom 20% | 2.59 (1.87–3.60) | 2.23 (1.79–2.77) | 1.79 (1.48–2.18) | 3.34 (2.41–4.63) | 1.66 (1.43–1.94) | 1.68 (1.51–1.87) | 1.83 (1.64–2.04) | 2.33 (1.87–2.92) | 1.79 (1.59–2.01) | 3.06 (2.21–4.24) | 1.95 (1.76–2.16) | 2.67 (2.05–3.47) |
Income 20–40% | 2.01 (1.48–2.72) | 1.78 (1.46–2.17) | 1.41 (1.16–1.71) | 2.51 (1.83–3.45) | 1.34 (1.15–1.55) | 1.35 (1.21–1.50) | 1.56 (1.41–1.73) | 1.86 (1.49–2.31) | 1.78 (1.59–1.99) | 1.57 (1.14–2.17) | 1.79 (1.62–1.97) | 2.28 (1.76–2.96) |
Income 40–60% | 1.55 (1.14–2.10) | 1.49 (1.23–1.81) | 1.50 (1.24–1.82) | 1.87 (1.36–2.56) | 1.23 (1.07–1.41) | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 1.31 (1.18–1.44) | 1.70 (1.35–2.15) | 1.42 (1.28–1.58) | 1.41 (1.02–1.95) | 1.45 (1.31–1.60) | 1.59 (1.23–2.05) |
Income 60–80% | 1.46 (1.09–1.97) | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 1.20 (0.99–1.47) | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 1.39 (1.11–1.74) | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 1.26 (0.91–1.74) | 1.23 (1.11–1.36) | 1.38 (1.04–1.82) |
Income top 20% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Migrant | 2.09 (1.35–3.26) | 1.78 (1.30–2.43) | 1.63 (1.21–2.20) | 2.38 (1.63–3.46) | N/A | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) | 1.34 (1.13–1.58) | N/A | 1.23 (0.99–1.54) | 2.40 (1.67–3.46) | 1.45 (1.23–1.71) | 1.66 (1.31–2.11) |
No migrant | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Diabetes yes | N/A | 1.14 (0.66–1.89) | 1.32 (1.00–1.73) | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | N/A | 1.66 (1.45–1.91) | 1.81 (1.58–2.07) | 1.65 (1.32–2.07) | 1.61 (1.43–1.82) | 2.10 (1.51–2.94) | 1.56 (1.38–1.76) | N/A |
Diabetes no | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A |
Hypertension yes | N/A | 1.23 (1.03–1.48) | 0.89 (0.76–1.06) | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) | N/A | 1.32 (1.21–1.45) | 1.23 (1.13–1.35) | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 1.20 (1.11–1.31) | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) | N/A |
Hypertension no | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A |
Correlates/determinants of engaging in vigorous physical activity across data sets
OR (95% CI) | BGS 1998 | NBS 2006 | GEDA 2009 | GEDA 2010 | DEGS1 2011 | GEDA 2012 | SHARE 5 2013 | GEDA 2014 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | 1.30 (0.94–1.80) | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) | 1.37 (1.27–1.48) | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | 1.41 (1.26–1.59) | 1.36 (1.26–1.47) | 1.58 (1.21–2.05) | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) |
Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Age 60+ | 1.00 (0.58–1.70) | 1.46 (1.27–1.66) | 2.77 (2.48–3.08) | 2.58 (2.31–2.87) | 1.95 (1.61–2.35) | 3.01 (2.67–3.39) | 1.33 (1.03–1.73) | 1.00 (0.97–1.12) |
Age 40–59 | 1.19 (0.84–1.69) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) | 1.44 (1.22–1.69) | 1.49 (1.32–1.67) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
Age 18–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 |
Education low | 1.51 (1.01–2.27) | 1.97 (1.74–2.25) | 1.56 (1.42–1.71) | 1.46 (1.33–1.60) | 1.48 (1.23–1.79) | 1.51 (1.37–1.65) | 1.19 (0.87–1.63) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) |
Education medium | 1.17 (0.73–1.88) | 1.68 (1.49–1.89) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 1.09 (0.98–1.20) | 1.03 (0.75–1.40) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
Education high | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Income bottom 20% | 1.27 (0.72–2.26) | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 1.37 (1.21–1.55) | 1.41 (1.25–1.60) | 2.31 (1.84–2.89) | 1.40 (1.23–1.59) | 1.08 (0.70–1.68) | 0.99 (0.68–0.90) |
Income 20–40% | 1.70 (1.02–2.80) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | 1.74 (1.39–2.17) | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | 0.84 (0.54–1.30) | 0.90 (0.83–0.99) |
Income 40–60% | 1.50 (0.93–2.40) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 1.17 (1.04–1.30) | 1.56 (1.23–1.98) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 0.76 (0.50–1.17) | 0.95 (0.86–1.03) |
Income 60–80% | 1.05 (0.62–1.76) | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) | 1.12 (1.00–1.27) | 1.03 (0.92–1.17) | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 1.00 (0.66–1.52) | 0.99 (0.89–1.08) |
Income top 20% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Migrant | 0.96 (0.42–2.18) | N/A | 1.72 (1.42–2.09) | 1.76 (1.47–2.12) | N/A | 1.68 (1.33–2.11) | 1.95 (1.15–3.31) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) |
No migrant | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Diabetes yes | N/A | N/A | 1.48 (1.28–1.72) | 1.35 (1.17–1.56) | 1.25 (1.00–1.56) | 1.24 (1.09–1.41) | 1.70 (1.13–2.52) | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) |
Diabetes no | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Hypertension yes | N/A | N/A | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.16 (1.05–1.28) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1.50 (1.16–1.92) | 1.01 (0.93–1.88) |
Hypertension no | N/A | N/A | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Correlates/determinants of physical activity and sport over time
Sport | Vigorous PA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | 1998–2009 | 2010–2018 | 1998–2009 | 2010–2018 |
Women | 0.94 (0.89–0.98) | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | 1.36 (1.27–1.46) | 1.30 (1.24–1.38) |
Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Age 60+ | 1.59 (1.49–1.70) | 1.66 (1.56–1.77) | 2.69 (2.43–2.98) | 2.77 (2.57–2.99) |
Age 40–59 | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | 1.29 (1.22–1.37) | 1.26 (1.15–1.38) | 1.39 (1.29–1.49) |
Age 18–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Education low | 2.40 (2.27–2.55) | 2.32 (2.20–2.45) | 1.61 (1.48–1.76) | 1.47 (1.38–1.57) |
Education medium | 1.35 (1.27–1.44) | 1.45 (1.38–1.53) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) |
Education high | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Income bottom 20% | 1.73 (1.60–1.87) | 1.83 (1.70–1.97) | 1.30 (1.15–1.46) | 1.40 (1.28–1.52) |
Income 20–40% | 1.43 (1.33–1.55) | 1.60 (1.49–1.72) | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | 1.23 (1.14–1.34) |
Income 40–60% | 1.32 (1.23–1.42) | 1.35 (1.26–1.44) | 1.15 (1.03–1.28) | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) |
Income 60–80% | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) |
Income top 20% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Migrant | 1.56 (1.38–1.76) | 1.38 (1.23–1.55) | 1.71 (1.42–2.06) | 1.80 (1.58–2.06) |
No migrant | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Diabetes yes | 1.40 (1.26–1.55) | 1.66 (1.53–1.80) | 1.43 (1.25–1.64) | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) |
Diabetes no | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Hypertension yes | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) | 1.24 (1.17–1.30) | 0.99 (0.90–1.07) | 1.07 (1.00–1.13) |
Hypertension no | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |