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Erschienen in: Der Diabetologe 1/2013

01.02.2013 | Leitthema

Spontanhypoglykämien

Insulinome und Differenzialdiagnosen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M.A. Nauck, Prof. Dr. J.J. Meier

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 1/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Spontanhypoglykämien treten unvermutet auf. Häufigste Ursache sind insulinproduzierende Tumoren des endokrinen Pankreas. Bei Verdacht auf ein Insulinom sollte ein Hungerversuch über mindestens 48 h mit dem Ziel des biochemischen Nachweises einer Hypoglykämieneigung bei gleichzeitig inadäquat erhöhten Parametern der (Pro-)Insulinsekretion durchgeführt werden. Besonders treffsicher ist das „verbesserte“ („amended“) Insulin-Glukose-Verhältnis bei Abbruch des Hungerversuchs. Gutartige Insulinome (90%) werden durch Operation geheilt. Bösartige, metastasierende Insulinome sollten ebenfalls mit dem Ziel der Tumorentfernung bzw. -verkleinerung operiert werden. Zusätzlich können Chemotherapie (u. a. mit Streptozotocin), (Chemo-)Embolisierung von Lebermetastasen und antisekretorische Medikamente (Somatostatinanaloga, Diazoxid) eingesetzt werden. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind bei nachgewiesener Hypoglykämie postprandiale, reaktive Hypoglykämien, z. B. nach Magenoperationen, eine Hypoglycaemia factitia (durch Selbstverabreichung von Insulin, Sulfonylharnstoffen oder Meglitiniden), Falschmessungen der Glukose (Gerätefehler, falsche präanalytische Probenbehandlung usw.) und bei alleinigen Symptomen kardiovaskulär und neurologisch-psychiatrisch bedingte Bewusstseinsstörungen abzugrenzen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Spontanhypoglykämien
Insulinome und Differenzialdiagnosen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M.A. Nauck
Prof. Dr. J.J. Meier
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-012-0914-1

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