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European Journal of Pediatrics

Erschienen in:

11.01.2024 | RESEARCH

The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development

verfasst von: Mi Ra Kim, Mo Kyung Jung, Hye Mi Jee, Eun Kyo Ha, Sanghoo Lee, Man Yong Han, Eun-Gyong Yoo

Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 4/2024

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Abstract

Antiandrogenic effect of phthalates have been reported; however, results regarding the effect of phthalate exposure in pubertal children have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalate exposure and pubertal development, especially whether high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP) and low molecular weight phthalates (LMWP) are differently associated in boys and girls. Urinary phthalate metabolites (4 HMWPs and 3 LMWPs) in Korean children (236 boys and 202 girls, aged 10 to 12 years) were measured. The association between phthalate levels and pubertal development (pubertal stages self-reported by parents and sex steroid levels) was analyzed by generalized linear regression after adjusting for age, body mass index z score, and premature birth and/or low birth weight. Both the highest quartile of HMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.090–0.627; p = 0.004) and LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.151–0.918; p = 0.032) were inversely associated with pubertal stages in boys, whereas the highest quartile of LMWP (Q4 vs Q1, adjusted OR, 2.431; 95% CI, 1.024–5.768; p = 0.044) was significantly related to advanced pubertal stages in girls. Testosterone levels in boys were significantly lower at the highest quartile of HMWP (adjusted β = − 0.251; 95% CI, − 0.476 to − 0.027; p = 0.028). However, in girls, we could not find any significant relationship between HMWP or LMWP and estradiol levels.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls.

What is Known: • Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects. • Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results.
What is New: • Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys. • Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal development.

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Titel: The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development
verfasst von: Mi Ra Kim
Mo Kyung Jung
Hye Mi Jee
Eun Kyo Ha
Sanghoo Lee
Man Yong Han
Eun-Gyong Yoo
Publikationsdatum: 11.01.2024
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 4/2024
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-05416-z

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The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development

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