Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2/2011

01.04.2011

The Association of Pituitary Tumors and Headache

verfasst von: Miles J. Levy

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 2/2011

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Pituitary tumors may give rise to headache via numerous mechanisms. The traditional explanation for headache is dural stretch and cavernous sinus invasion, although this is not borne out by clinical studies. Certain functional pituitary tumors are associated with headache, notably growth hormone and prolactin-secreting tumors. The observation that somatostatin analogues can have a dramatic analgesic effect in acromegaly suggests that biochemical properties of the tumor may be important. The genetic predisposition of the patient to primary headache also determines whether headache occurs with pituitary tumors. This article attempts to outline the clinical features, management strategies, and key academic questions regarding the subject of pituitary tumors and headache.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Ezzat S, Asa S, Couldwell WT, et al.: The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004, 101:613–19PubMedCrossRef Ezzat S, Asa S, Couldwell WT, et al.: The prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review. Cancer. 2004, 101:613–19PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Abe T, Matsumoto K, Kuwazawa J, et al.: Headache associated with pituitary adenomas. Headache 1998, 38:782–786.PubMedCrossRef Abe T, Matsumoto K, Kuwazawa J, et al.: Headache associated with pituitary adenomas. Headache 1998, 38:782–786.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MJ, Jager HR, Powell M, et al.: Pituitary volume and headache: size is not everything. Arch Neurol 2005, 61:721–25CrossRef Levy MJ, Jager HR, Powell M, et al.: Pituitary volume and headache: size is not everything. Arch Neurol 2005, 61:721–25CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Meeran K, et al.: The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours. Brain 2005, 128:1921–1930.PubMedCrossRef Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Meeran K, et al.: The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours. Brain 2005, 128:1921–1930.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MJ, Bejon P, Barakat M, et al.: Acromegaly: a unique human headache model. Headache 2003, 43:794–7.PubMedCrossRef Levy MJ, Bejon P, Barakat M, et al.: Acromegaly: a unique human headache model. Headache 2003, 43:794–7.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ: Prolactinomas, dopamine agonists and headache: two case reports. Eur.J.Neurol 2003, 10:169–173.PubMedCrossRef Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ: Prolactinomas, dopamine agonists and headache: two case reports. Eur.J.Neurol 2003, 10:169–173.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Milos P, Havelius U, Hindfelt B: Clusterlike headache in a patient with a pituitary adenoma. With a review of the literature. Headache 1996, 36:184–188. Milos P, Havelius U, Hindfelt B: Clusterlike headache in a patient with a pituitary adenoma. With a review of the literature. Headache 1996, 36:184–188.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Massiou H, Launay JM, Levy C, et al.: SUNCT syndrome in two patients with prolactinomas and bromocriptine-induced attacks. Neurology 2002, 58:1698–1699.PubMed Massiou H, Launay JM, Levy C, et al.: SUNCT syndrome in two patients with prolactinomas and bromocriptine-induced attacks. Neurology 2002, 58:1698–1699.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Matharu MS, Levy MJ, Merry RT, et al.: SUNCT syndrome secondary to prolactinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003, 74:1590–2.PubMedCrossRef Matharu MS, Levy MJ, Merry RT, et al.: SUNCT syndrome secondary to prolactinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003, 74:1590–2.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams G, Ball JA, Lawson RA, et al.: Analgesic effect of somatostatin analogue (octreotide) in headache associated with pituitary tumours. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987, 295:247–8.CrossRef Williams G, Ball JA, Lawson RA, et al.: Analgesic effect of somatostatin analogue (octreotide) in headache associated with pituitary tumours. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987, 295:247–8.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Tfelt-Hansen P, Paulson OB, Krabbe AA: Invasive adenoma of the pituitary gland and chronic migrainous neuralgia. A rare coincidence or a causal relationship? Cephalalgia 1982, 2:25–28.PubMedCrossRef Tfelt-Hansen P, Paulson OB, Krabbe AA: Invasive adenoma of the pituitary gland and chronic migrainous neuralgia. A rare coincidence or a causal relationship? Cephalalgia 1982, 2:25–28.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Greve E, Mai J: Cluster headache-like headaches: a symptomatic feature? A report of three patients with intracranial pathologic findings. Cephalalgia 1988, 8:79–82.PubMedCrossRef Greve E, Mai J: Cluster headache-like headaches: a symptomatic feature? A report of three patients with intracranial pathologic findings. Cephalalgia 1988, 8:79–82.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Porta-Etessam J, Ramos-Carrasco A, Berbel-Garcia A, et al.: Clusterlike headache as first manifestation of a prolactinoma. Headache 2001, 41:723–725.PubMedCrossRef Porta-Etessam J, Ramos-Carrasco A, Berbel-Garcia A, et al.: Clusterlike headache as first manifestation of a prolactinoma. Headache 2001, 41:723–725.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman AH, Wilkins RH, Kenan PD, et al.: Pituitary adenoma presenting as facial pain: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1982, 10:742–745.PubMedCrossRef Friedman AH, Wilkins RH, Kenan PD, et al.: Pituitary adenoma presenting as facial pain: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1982, 10:742–745.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelabert Gonzalez M, Bollar Zabala A, Garcia Allut A: Trigeminal neuralgia as the first manifestation of craniopharyngioma. An Med Interna 1990, 7:545.PubMed Gelabert Gonzalez M, Bollar Zabala A, Garcia Allut A: Trigeminal neuralgia as the first manifestation of craniopharyngioma. An Med Interna 1990, 7:545.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gazioglu N, Tanriover N, Tuzgen S: Pituitary tumour presenting with trigeminal neuralgia as an isolated symptom. Br J Neurosurg 2000, 14:579.PubMedCrossRef Gazioglu N, Tanriover N, Tuzgen S: Pituitary tumour presenting with trigeminal neuralgia as an isolated symptom. Br J Neurosurg 2000, 14:579.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Millan-Guerrero RO, Isais-Cardenas MA: Headache associated with pituitary adenomas. Headache 1999, 39: 522–523.PubMedCrossRef Millan-Guerrero RO, Isais-Cardenas MA: Headache associated with pituitary adenomas. Headache 1999, 39: 522–523.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabrielli M, Gasbarrini A, Fiore G, et al.: Resolution of migraine with aura after successful treatment of a pituitary microadenoma. Cephalalgia 2002, 22: 149–150.PubMedCrossRef Gabrielli M, Gasbarrini A, Fiore G, et al.: Resolution of migraine with aura after successful treatment of a pituitary microadenoma. Cephalalgia 2002, 22: 149–150.PubMedCrossRef
19.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat • Cittadini E, Matharu MS: Symptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Neurologist. 2009, 15:305–12. This is a review of TACs in a tertiary headache center showing a relatively high prevalence of pituitary tumors in patients with atypical and refractory presentations.PubMedCrossRef • Cittadini E, Matharu MS: Symptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Neurologist. 2009, 15:305–12. This is a review of TACs in a tertiary headache center showing a relatively high prevalence of pituitary tumors in patients with atypical and refractory presentations.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarov M, Valade D, Jublanc C, et al.: Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a patient with a macroprolactinoma. Cephalalgia 2006, 26: 738–41.PubMedCrossRef Sarov M, Valade D, Jublanc C, et al.: Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a patient with a macroprolactinoma. Cephalalgia 2006, 26: 738–41.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrari MD, Haan J, van Seters AP: Bromocriptine-induced trigeminal neuralgia attacks in a patient with a pituitary tumor. Neurology 1988, 38: 1482–1484.PubMed Ferrari MD, Haan J, van Seters AP: Bromocriptine-induced trigeminal neuralgia attacks in a patient with a pituitary tumor. Neurology 1988, 38: 1482–1484.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat King JT, Jr., Justice AC, Aron DC: Management of incidental pituitary microadenomas: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 82, 11:3625–32. King JT, Jr., Justice AC, Aron DC: Management of incidental pituitary microadenomas: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 82, 11:3625–32.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Karavitaki N, Thanabalasingham G, Shore HC, et al.: Do the limits of serum prolactin in disconnection hyperprolactinaemia need re-definition? A study of 226 patients with histologically verified non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. Clinical Endocrinology 2006, 65:524–9PubMedCrossRef Karavitaki N, Thanabalasingham G, Shore HC, et al.: Do the limits of serum prolactin in disconnection hyperprolactinaemia need re-definition? A study of 226 patients with histologically verified non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. Clinical Endocrinology 2006, 65:524–9PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat S Melmed, A Colao, A Barkan, et al.: Guidelines for acromegaly management: an update. J Clin Endo Metab 2009, 94:1509–17CrossRef S Melmed, A Colao, A Barkan, et al.: Guidelines for acromegaly management: an update. J Clin Endo Metab 2009, 94:1509–17CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Arafah BM, Prunty D, Ybarra J, et al.: The dominant role of increased intrasellar pressure in the pathogenesis of hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, and headaches in patients with pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85:1789–93.PubMedCrossRef Arafah BM, Prunty D, Ybarra J, et al.: The dominant role of increased intrasellar pressure in the pathogenesis of hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, and headaches in patients with pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85:1789–93.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat David NJ: Pituitary apoplexy goes to the bar: litigation for delayed diagnosis, deficient vision, and death. J Neuroophthalmol 2006, 26:128–33.PubMed David NJ: Pituitary apoplexy goes to the bar: litigation for delayed diagnosis, deficient vision, and death. J Neuroophthalmol 2006, 26:128–33.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Elster AD, Chen MY, Williams DW 3rd, Key LL: Pituitary gland: MR imaging of physiologic hypertrophy in adolescence. Radiology1990, 174: 681–5.PubMed Elster AD, Chen MY, Williams DW 3rd, Key LL: Pituitary gland: MR imaging of physiologic hypertrophy in adolescence. Radiology1990, 174: 681–5.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahurel-Barrera H, Assie G, Silvera S, et al.: Inter- and intra-observer variability in detection and progression assessment with MRI of microadenoma in Cushing’s disease patients followed up after bilateral adrenalectomy. Pituitary 2008, 11:263–9.PubMedCrossRef Bahurel-Barrera H, Assie G, Silvera S, et al.: Inter- and intra-observer variability in detection and progression assessment with MRI of microadenoma in Cushing’s disease patients followed up after bilateral adrenalectomy. Pituitary 2008, 11:263–9.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat • Levy MJ, Matharu M, Goadsby PJ: Chronic headache and pituitary tumors. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008, 12:74–8. This is a review article outlining the management of patients with pituitary tumor–associated headache when there is no specific indication for hypophysectomy.PubMedCrossRef • Levy MJ, Matharu M, Goadsby PJ: Chronic headache and pituitary tumors. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008, 12:74–8. This is a review article outlining the management of patients with pituitary tumor–associated headache when there is no specific indication for hypophysectomy.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nammour GM, Ybarra J, Naheedy MH, et al.: Incidental pituitary macroadenoma: a population-based study. Am J Med Sci. 1997, 314:287–91.PubMedCrossRef Nammour GM, Ybarra J, Naheedy MH, et al.: Incidental pituitary macroadenoma: a population-based study. Am J Med Sci. 1997, 314:287–91.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Yue NC, Longstreth WT, Jr., Elster AD, et al.: Clinically serious abnormalities found incidentally at MR imaging of the brain: data from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Radiology 1997, 202:41–6.PubMed Yue NC, Longstreth WT, Jr., Elster AD, et al.: Clinically serious abnormalities found incidentally at MR imaging of the brain: data from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Radiology 1997, 202:41–6.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Sprenger T, Goadsby PJ: What has functional neuroimaging done for primary headache ... and for the clinical neurologist? J Clin Neurosci. 2010, 17: 547–53. This is a review of the functional imaging abnormalities observed in primary headache. This is important because it may relate to some of the headache syndromes observed in pituitary tumor–associated headache PubMedCrossRef •• Sprenger T, Goadsby PJ: What has functional neuroimaging done for primary headache ... and for the clinical neurologist? J Clin Neurosci. 2010, 17: 547–53. This is a review of the functional imaging abnormalities observed in primary headache. This is important because it may relate to some of the headache syndromes observed in pituitary tumor–associated headache PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ezzat S, Snyder PJ, Young WF, et al.: Octreotide treatment of acromegaly. A randomized, multicenter study. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:711–718.PubMed Ezzat S, Snyder PJ, Young WF, et al.: Octreotide treatment of acromegaly. A randomized, multicenter study. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:711–718.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman CB, Melmed S, Snyder PJ, et al.: Safety and efficacy of long-term octreotide therapy of acromegaly: results of a multicenter trial in 103 patients--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80:2768–2775.PubMedCrossRef Newman CB, Melmed S, Snyder PJ, et al.: Safety and efficacy of long-term octreotide therapy of acromegaly: results of a multicenter trial in 103 patients--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80:2768–2775.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman CB, Melmed S, George A, et al.: Octreotide as primary therapy for acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83:3034–3040.PubMedCrossRef Newman CB, Melmed S, George A, et al.: Octreotide as primary therapy for acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83:3034–3040.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Lancranjan I, Atkinson AB: Results of a European multicentre study with Sandostatin LAR in acromegalic patients. Sandostatin LAR Group. Pituitary 1999, 1:105–114. Lancranjan I, Atkinson AB: Results of a European multicentre study with Sandostatin LAR in acromegalic patients. Sandostatin LAR Group. Pituitary 1999, 1:105–114.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Cannavo S, Squadrito S, Curto L, et al.: Results of a two-year treatment with slow release lanreotide in acromegaly. Horm Metab Res 2000, 32:224–229.PubMedCrossRef Cannavo S, Squadrito S, Curto L, et al.: Results of a two-year treatment with slow release lanreotide in acromegaly. Horm Metab Res 2000, 32:224–229.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cannavo S, Squadrito S, Curto L, et al.: Effectiveness of slow-release lanreotide in previously operated and untreated patients with GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. Horm Metab Res 2001, 33:618–624.PubMedCrossRef Cannavo S, Squadrito S, Curto L, et al.: Effectiveness of slow-release lanreotide in previously operated and untreated patients with GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. Horm Metab Res 2001, 33:618–624.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel YC, Srikant CB: Subtype selectivity of peptide analogs for all five cloned human somatostatin receptors. Endocrinology 1994, 135:2814–2817.PubMedCrossRef Patel YC, Srikant CB: Subtype selectivity of peptide analogs for all five cloned human somatostatin receptors. Endocrinology 1994, 135:2814–2817.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaer JC, Waser B, Mengod G, et al.: Somatostatin receptor subtypes sst1, sst2, sst3 and sst5 expression in human pituitary, gastroentero-pancreatic and mammary tumors: comparison of mRNA analysis with receptor autoradiography. Int J Cancer 1997, 70:530–537.PubMedCrossRef Schaer JC, Waser B, Mengod G, et al.: Somatostatin receptor subtypes sst1, sst2, sst3 and sst5 expression in human pituitary, gastroentero-pancreatic and mammary tumors: comparison of mRNA analysis with receptor autoradiography. Int J Cancer 1997, 70:530–537.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimon I, Melmed S: Structure and function of somatostatin receptors in growth hormone control. J Endocrinol 1997, 155 Suppl 1:S3–6 discussion S7–8.PubMed Shimon I, Melmed S: Structure and function of somatostatin receptors in growth hormone control. J Endocrinol 1997, 155 Suppl 1:S3–6 discussion S7–8.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimon I, Yan X, Taylor JE, et al.: Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype-selective analogues differentially suppress in vitro growth hormone and prolactin in human pituitary adenomas. Novel potential therapy for functional pituitary tumors. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:2386–2392.PubMedCrossRef Shimon I, Yan X, Taylor JE, et al.: Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype-selective analogues differentially suppress in vitro growth hormone and prolactin in human pituitary adenomas. Novel potential therapy for functional pituitary tumors. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:2386–2392.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Turpin G, Foubert L, Noel-Wekstein S, et al.: Analgesic effect on headaches of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, in a case of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Presse Med 1991, 20:2219–2220.PubMed Turpin G, Foubert L, Noel-Wekstein S, et al.: Analgesic effect on headaches of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, in a case of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Presse Med 1991, 20:2219–2220.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoenem A, Cakyr B, Azal O, et al.: Effect of octreotide acetate on thyrotropin-secreting adenoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Endocr Regul 1999, 33:169–174.PubMed Yoenem A, Cakyr B, Azal O, et al.: Effect of octreotide acetate on thyrotropin-secreting adenoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Endocr Regul 1999, 33:169–174.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat May A, Lederbogen S, Diener HC: Octreotide dependency and headache: a case report. Cephalalgia 1994, 14:303–304.PubMedCrossRef May A, Lederbogen S, Diener HC: Octreotide dependency and headache: a case report. Cephalalgia 1994, 14:303–304.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler M, Sellers LA, Humphrey PP, et al.: Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin SST2(A) receptor in the rat brain and spinal cord. Neuroscience 1997, 76:225–240.PubMedCrossRef Schindler M, Sellers LA, Humphrey PP, et al.: Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin SST2(A) receptor in the rat brain and spinal cord. Neuroscience 1997, 76:225–240.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Matharu MS, Levy MJ, Meeran K, Goadsby PJ: Subcutaneous octreotide in cluster headache: randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. Ann Neurol. 2004 56(4):488–94.PubMedCrossRef Matharu MS, Levy MJ, Meeran K, Goadsby PJ: Subcutaneous octreotide in cluster headache: randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. Ann Neurol. 2004 56(4):488–94.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapicioglu S, Gokce E, Kapicioglu Z, et al.: Treatment of migraine attacks with a long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide, SMS 201-995). Cephalalgia 1997, 17:27–30.PubMedCrossRef Kapicioglu S, Gokce E, Kapicioglu Z, et al.: Treatment of migraine attacks with a long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide, SMS 201-995). Cephalalgia 1997, 17:27–30.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy MJ, Classey J, Maneesi S, et al.: The association between CGRP, Substance P and headache in pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2004, 7: 67–71.PubMedCrossRef Levy MJ, Classey J, Maneesi S, et al.: The association between CGRP, Substance P and headache in pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2004, 7: 67–71.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Association of Pituitary Tumors and Headache
verfasst von
Miles J. Levy
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2011
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 2/2011
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-010-0166-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2011

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2/2011 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Demenz Nachrichten

Der Einsatz von Antipsychotika gegen psychische und Verhaltenssymptome in Zusammenhang mit Demenzerkrankungen erfordert eine sorgfältige Nutzen-Risiken-Abwägung. Neuen Erkenntnissen zufolge sind auf der Risikoseite weitere schwerwiegende Ereignisse zu berücksichtigen.

Nicht Creutzfeldt Jakob, sondern Abführtee-Vergiftung

29.05.2024 Hyponatriämie Nachrichten

Eine ältere Frau trinkt regelmäßig Sennesblättertee gegen ihre Verstopfung. Der scheint plötzlich gut zu wirken. Auf Durchfall und Erbrechen folgt allerdings eine Hyponatriämie. Nach deren Korrektur kommt es plötzlich zu progredienten Kognitions- und Verhaltensstörungen.

Schutz der Synapsen bei Alzheimer

29.05.2024 Morbus Alzheimer Nachrichten

Mit einem Neurotrophin-Rezeptor-Modulator lässt sich möglicherweise eine bestehende Alzheimerdemenz etwas abschwächen: Erste Phase-2-Daten deuten auf einen verbesserten Synapsenschutz.

Sozialer Aufstieg verringert Demenzgefahr

24.05.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Ein hohes soziales Niveau ist mit die beste Versicherung gegen eine Demenz. Noch geringer ist das Demenzrisiko für Menschen, die sozial aufsteigen: Sie gewinnen fast zwei demenzfreie Lebensjahre. Umgekehrt steigt die Demenzgefahr beim sozialen Abstieg.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.