The German guidelines for the treatment of anxiety disorders

A consensus group consisting of 36 experts representing 20 leading German specialist societies and patient self-help organizations developed evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders in Germany. These were based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on anxiety disorders (n = 403) and on preexisting German and international guidelines. According to the consensus committee, anxiety disorders should be treated with psychotherapy or pharmacological drugs or a combination of both. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was regarded as the psychological treatment with the highest level of evidence. Psychodynamic therapy (PDT) was recommended for cases in which CBT was not effective or not available or in which PDT was the informed patient’s preferred option. First-line drugs for anxiety disorders include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. After remission, medications should be continued for 6–12 months. When either drug or psychotherapy was not effective, treatment should be switched to the other approach or to a combination of both. For patients non-responsive to standard treatments, alternative strategies are suggested. When developing a treatment plan, efficacy, side effects, costs and the preference of the patient should be considered. A large amount of data available from randomized controlled trials permit the formulation of robust evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The recommendations were not only developed for the special situation in Germany, but may also be helpful for developing treatment plans in other countries.