Background
Questionnaire | Dimension | Number of items | Item position in the SCL-90-R |
---|---|---|---|
SCL-90-R | Somatization | 12 | 1, 4, 12, 27, 40, 42, 48, 49, 52, 53, 56, 58 |
Obsessive compulsive | 10 | 3, 9, 10, 28, 38, 45, 46, 51, 55, 65 | |
Interpersonal sensitivity | 9 | 6, 21, 34, 36, 37, 41, 61, 69, 73 | |
Depression | 13 | 5, 14, 15, 20, 22, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 54, 71, 79 | |
Anxiety | 10 | 2, 17, 23, 33, 39, 57, 72, 78, 80, 86 | |
Hostility | 6 | 11, 24, 63, 67, 74, 81 | |
Phobic anxiety | 7 | 13, 25, 47, 50, 70, 75, 82 | |
Paranoid ideation | 6 | 8, 18, 43, 68, 76, 83 | |
Psychoticism | 10 | 7, 16, 35, 62, 77, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90 | |
Additional items | 7 | 19, 44, 59, 60, 64, 66, 89 | |
BSI | Somatization | 7 | 4, 12, 40, 48, 49, 52, 56 |
Obsessive compulsive | 6 | 9, 28, 45, 46, 51, 55 | |
Interpersonal sensitivity | 4 | 34, 37, 41, 69 | |
Depression | 6 | 15, 29, 30, 32, 54, 79 | |
Anxiety | 6 | 2, 23, 33, 57, 72, 78 | |
Hostility | 5 | 11, 24, 63, 67, 74 | |
Phobic anxiety | 5 | 13, 47, 50, 70, 75 | |
Paranoid ideation | 5 | 8, 18, 43, 76, 83 | |
Psychoticism | 5 | 7, 77, 85, 88, 90 | |
Additional items | 4 | 19, 44, 59, 89 | |
SCL-27 | Depressive symptoms | 4 | 15, 30, 54, 59 |
Dysthymic symptoms | 4 | 9, 14, 51, 55 | |
Vegetative symptoms | 6 | 4, 39, 40, 48, 49, 53 | |
Agoraphobic symptoms | 5 | 13, 25, 33, 50, 82 | |
Symptoms of social phobia | 4 | 37, 41, 61, 69 | |
Symptoms of mistrust | 4 | 18, 68, 76, 83 | |
BSI-18 | Somatization | 6 | 12, 40, 48, 52, 56, 58 |
Depression | 6 | 15, 29, 30, 32, 54, 79 | |
Anxiety | 6 | 2, 33, 57, 72, 78, 86 | |
SCL-14 | Depression | 6 | 26, 28, 30, 54, 77, 79 |
Phobic anxiety | 4 | 13, 25, 47, 82 | |
Somatization | 4 | 42, 52, 56, 58 | |
SCL-K-9 | Global Severity Index | 9 | 24, 28, 31, 34, 43, 57, 58, 75, 77 |
Methods
Design and setting
Sample
Instruments
Statistical analyses
Results
Reliability of the short forms in comparison to the SCL-90-R
SCL-90-R | BSI | SCL-27 | BSI-18 | SCL-14 | SCL-K-9 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | α | Number of items | Scale | α | Number of items | Scale | α | Number of items | Scale | α | Number of items | Scale | α | Number of items | Scale | α | Number of items |
SOMA | 0.86 | 12 | SOMA | 0.80 | 7 | VEG | 0.77 | 6 | SOMA | 0.79 | 6 | VEG | 0.81 | 4 | |||
OCD | 0.87 | 10 | OCD | 0.84 | 6 | DYS | 0.85 | 4 | |||||||||
INT | 0.87 | 9 | INT | 0.79 | 4 | SOP | 0.84 | 4 | |||||||||
DEPR | 0.89 | 13 | DEPR | 0.85 | 6 | DEP | 0.79 | 4 | DEPR | 0.85 | 6 | DEP | 0.87 | 6 | |||
ANX | 0.87 | 10 | ANX | 0.82 | 6 | ANX | 0.82 | 6 | |||||||||
HOST | 0.74 | 6 | HOST | 0.67 | 5 | ||||||||||||
PHOB | 0.84 | 7 | PHOB | 0.79 | 5 | AGO | 0.81 | 5 | AGO | 0.81 | 4 | ||||||
PARA | 0.76 | 6 | PARA | 0.74 | 5 | MIS | 0.73 | 4 | |||||||||
PSYC | 0.78 | 10 | PSYC | 0.70 | 5 | ||||||||||||
GSI | 0.97 | 83 | GSI | 0.96 | 49 | GSI | 0.93 | 27 | GSI | 0.90 | 18 | GSI | 0.88 | 14 | GSI | 0.84 | 9 |
Factorial validity of the short forms compared to the SCL-90-R
Chi-square | RMSEA Cut-off < .06a
| CFI Cut-off ≈ .95 | SRMR Cut-off ≤ .11 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2
| df | p | ||||
SCL-90-R | 31074.113 | 3284 | .000 | .056 | .749 | .0608 |
BSI | 11443.895 | 1091 | .000 | .059 | .828 | .0536 |
SCL-27 | 3351.461 | 309 | .000 | .060 | .903 | .0489 |
BSI-18 | 1490.482 | 132 | .000 | .061 | .977 | .0427 |
SCL-14 | 557.444 | 74 | .000 | .049 | .969 | .0325 |
SCL-K-9 | 382.378 | 27 | .000 | .069 | .948 | .034 |
Equivalence of the short forms with the SCL-90-R
SCL-90-R | BSI | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | M | SD | Scale | M | SD | t | ES | r |
SOMA | 1.12 | 0.74 | SOMA | 1.00 | 0.75 | 25.37* | 0.16 | 0.95 |
OCD | 1.57 | 0.81 | OCD | 1.74 | 0.92 | -34.65* | -0.20 | 0.96 |
INT | 1.40 | 0.87 | INT | 1.61 | 0.99 | -33.18* | -0.23 | 0.95 |
DEPR | 1.73 | 0.83 | DEPR | 1.69 | 0.97 | 6.07* | 0.05 | 0.94 |
ANX | 1.27 | 0.80 | ANX | 1.41 | 0.85 | -30.10* | -0.17 | 0.96 |
HOST | 0.89 | 0.71 | HOST | 0.95 | 0.71 | -19.73* | -0.08 | 0.98 |
PHOB | 0.89 | 0.85 | PHOB | 0.99 | 0.91 | -24.69* | -0.11 | 0.98 |
PARA | 1.13 | 0.82 | PARA | 1.20 | 0.88 | -22.80* | -0.08 | 0.98 |
PSYC | 0.83 | 0.63 | PSYC | 1.07 | 0.82 | -37.22* | -0.32 | 0.93 |
GSI | 1.26 | 0.64 | GSI | 1.30 | 0.67 | -22.63* | -0.07 | 0.99 |
SCL-90-R
|
SCL-27
| |||||||
SOMA | 1.12 | 0.74 | VEG | 1.03 | 0.78 | 12.51* | 0.12 | 0.88 |
OCD | 1.57 | 0.81 | DYS | 1.83 | 1.04 | -26.49* | -0.28 | 0.88 |
INT | 1.40 | 0.87 | SOP | 1.43 | 1.04 | -3.92* | -0.03 | 0.94 |
DEPR | 1.73 | 0.83 | DEP | 1.40 | 0.93 | 34.28* | 0.37 | 0.85 |
PHOB | 0.89 | 0.85 | AGO | 0.86 | 0.86 | 5.07* | 0.04 | 0.94 |
PARA | 1.13 | 0.82 | MIS | 1.13 | 0.90 | 1.14a
| 0.01 | 0.95 |
GSI | 1.26 | 0.64 | GSI | 1.27 | 0.71 | -4.04* | -0.02 | 0.97 |
BSI 18
| ||||||||
SOMA | SOM | 1.01 | 0.80 | 20.71* | 0.14 | 0.94 | ||
DEPR | DEP | 1.69 | 0.97 | 6.07* | 0.04 | 0.94 | ||
ANX | ANX | 1.44 | 0.87 | -37.90* | -0.20 | 0.97 | ||
GSI | GSI | 1.38 | 0.74 | -24.44* | -0.17 | 0.94 | ||
SCL-90-R
|
SCL-14
| |||||||
SOMA | 1.12 | 0.74 | SOM | 1.18 | 0.97 | -6.27* | -0.07 | 0.88 |
DEPR | 1.73 | 0.83 | DEP | 1.93 | 1.00 | -28.04* | -0.22 | 0.94 |
PHOB | 0.89 | 0.85 | PHO | 0.65 | 0.87 | 37.15* | 0.28 | 0.93 |
GSI | 1.26 | 0.64 | GSI | 1.35 | 0.75 | -15.36* | -0.13 | 0.92 |
SCL-90-R
|
SCL-K-9
| |||||||
GSI | 1.26 | 0.64 | GSI | 1.71 | 0.83 | -64.25* | -0.62 | 0.91 |
Convergent and discriminant validity of the short forms compared to the SCL-90-R
SCL-90-R | BSI | SCL-27 | BSI-18 | SCL-14 | SCL-K-9 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | r | Scale | r | Scale | r | Scale | r | Scale | r | Scale | r |
SOMA | 0.51** | SOMA | 0.50** | VEG | 0.50** | SOMA | 0.49** | SOMA | 0.41** | ||
OCD | 0.68** | OCD | 0.66** | DYS | 0.61** | ||||||
INT | 0.65** | INT | 0,64** | SOP | 0.60** | ||||||
DEPR
|
0.80**
|
DEPR
|
0.77**
|
DEP
|
0.71**
|
DEPR
|
0.77**
|
DEPR
|
0.79**
|
itemD
|
0.51**
|
ANX | 0.61** | ANX | 0.58** | ANX | 0.59** | ||||||
HOST | 0.49** | HOST | 0.49** | ||||||||
PHOB | 0.51** | PHOB | 0.52** | AGO | 0.52** | PHOB | 0.41** | ||||
PARA | 0.52** | PARA | 0.52** | MIS | 0.50** | ||||||
PSYC | 0.65** | PSYC | 0.66** | ||||||||
GSI | 0.77** | GSI | 0.77** | GSI | 0.75** | GSI | 0.74** | GSI | 0.74** | GSI | 0.69** |
Sensitivity to change of the short versions compared to the SCL-90-R
SCL-90-R | BSI | SCL-27 | BSI-18 | SCL-14 | SCL-K-9 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | d | Scale | d | Scale | d | Scale | d | Scale | d | Scale | d |
SOMA | 0.37 | SOMA | 0.34 | VEG | 0.35 | SOMA | 0.33 | SOMA | 0.29 | ||
OCD | 0.61 | OCD | 0.58 | DYS | 0.54 | ||||||
INT | 0.52 | INT | 0.54 | SOP | 0.52 | ||||||
DEPR
|
0.72
|
DEPR
|
0.67
|
DEP
|
0.52
|
DEPR
|
0.67
|
DEPR
|
0.68
| ||
ANX | 0.47 | ANX | 0.51 | ANX | 0.51 | ||||||
HOST | 0.37 | HOST | 0.40 | ||||||||
PHOB | 0.39 | PHOB | 0.41 | AGO | 0.37 | PHOB | 0.28 | ||||
PARA | 0.46 | PARA | 0.47 | MIS | 0.40 | ||||||
PSYC | 0.44 | PSYC | 0.43 | ||||||||
GSI | 0.62 | GSI | 0.63 | GSI | 0.59 | GSI | 0.61 | GSI | 0.59 | GSI | 0.63 |