Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 5/2013

01.05.2013 | Konsensuspapiere

Vorschläge zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

Ein Expertenkonsens

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dr. C. Graf, R. Beneke, W. Bloch, J. Bucksch, S. Dordel, S. Eiser, N. Ferrari, B. Koch, S. Krug, W. Lawrenz, K. Manz, R. Naul, R. Oberhoffer, E. Quilling, H. Schulz, T. Stemper, G. Stibbe, W. Tokarski, K. Völker, A. Woll

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 5/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Erhalt bzw. die Steigerung von körperlicher Aktivität sowie die Reduktion von sitzenden Tätigkeiten stellen zentrale Elemente in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention lebensstilbedingter Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Wie viel allerdings für wen und unter welchen Lebensumständen notwendig ist, wird bislang (noch) diskutiert.

Vorschläge zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität

Auf der Basis von Expertenempfehlungen wird international überwiegend eine Bewegungszeit von mindestens 60 min pro Tag vorgeschlagen. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Besonderheiten sowie regionale Unterschiede bleiben dabei weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Unter Beachtung nationaler Daten, aber auch besonderer Gruppen, z. B. Kinder aus bildungsfernen Familien bzw. mit Migrationshintergrund, wurden in einem Expertenkonsens Vorschläge für Deutschland zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität im Kindes- und Jugendalter erarbeitet. Im Kern sehen sie eine tägliche Bewegungszeit von 90 min bzw. mindestens 12.000 Schritten im Alltag vor. Darüber hinaus wurden zusätzliche Lebensstilfaktoren, v. a. die Begrenzung des Medienkonsums, integriert. Die Empfehlungen dienen hauptsächlich der Orientierung von Eltern und Betreuungspersonen sowie von Institutionen, wie Schulen, Kindertageseinrichtungen bis hin zu Kommunen und Stakeholdern.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education (2001) Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics 107:423–426CrossRef American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education (2001) Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics 107:423–426CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson SE, Economos CD, Must A (2008) Active play and screen time in US children aged 4–11 years in relation to sociodemographic and weight status characteristics: a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 8:366PubMedCrossRef Anderson SE, Economos CD, Must A (2008) Active play and screen time in US children aged 4–11 years in relation to sociodemographic and weight status characteristics: a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 8:366PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Armstrong N, Welsman JR (2006) The physical activity patterns of European youth with reference to methods of assessment. Sports Med 36:1067–1086PubMedCrossRef Armstrong N, Welsman JR (2006) The physical activity patterns of European youth with reference to methods of assessment. Sports Med 36:1067–1086PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailey BW, McInnis K (2011) Energy cost of exergaming: a comparison of the energy cost of 6 forms of exergaming. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 165:597–602PubMedCrossRef Bailey BW, McInnis K (2011) Energy cost of exergaming: a comparison of the energy cost of 6 forms of exergaming. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 165:597–602PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bar-Or O, Baranowski T (1994) Physical activity, adiposity and obesity among adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 6:348–360 Bar-Or O, Baranowski T (1994) Physical activity, adiposity and obesity among adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 6:348–360
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Beneke R, Leithäuser RM (2008) Körperliche Aktivität im Kindesalter – Messverfahren. Dtsch Z Sportmed 59:215–222 Beneke R, Leithäuser RM (2008) Körperliche Aktivität im Kindesalter – Messverfahren. Dtsch Z Sportmed 59:215–222
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Biddle SJH, Asare M (2011) Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. Br J Sports Med 45:886–895PubMedCrossRef Biddle SJH, Asare M (2011) Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. Br J Sports Med 45:886–895PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Biddle SJH, O′Connell S, Braithwaite RE (2011) Sedentary behaviour interventions in young people: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 45:937–942PubMedCrossRef Biddle SJH, O′Connell S, Braithwaite RE (2011) Sedentary behaviour interventions in young people: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 45:937–942PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bös K (2003) Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. In: Schmidt W, Hartmann-Tews I, Brettschneider WD (Hrsg) Erster Deutscher Kinder- und Jugendsportbericht. Hofmann, Schorndorf Bös K (2003) Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. In: Schmidt W, Hartmann-Tews I, Brettschneider WD (Hrsg) Erster Deutscher Kinder- und Jugendsportbericht. Hofmann, Schorndorf
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bös K, Opper E, Woll A et al (2001) Fitness in der Grundschule. Halt Beweg 21:4–67 Bös K, Opper E, Woll A et al (2001) Fitness in der Grundschule. Halt Beweg 21:4–67
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Borraccino A, Lemma P, Iannotti RJ et al (2009) Socioeconomic effects on meeting physical activity guidelines: comparisons among 32 countries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:749–756PubMedCrossRef Borraccino A, Lemma P, Iannotti RJ et al (2009) Socioeconomic effects on meeting physical activity guidelines: comparisons among 32 countries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:749–756PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Borys JM, Le Bodo Y, Jebb SA, EEN Study Group et al (2012) EPODE approach for childhood obesity prevention: methods, progress and international development. Obes Rev 13:299–315PubMedCrossRef Borys JM, Le Bodo Y, Jebb SA, EEN Study Group et al (2012) EPODE approach for childhood obesity prevention: methods, progress and international development. Obes Rev 13:299–315PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bucksch J, Finne E (2013) Körperliche Aktivität, Medienkonsum und Ernährungsverhalten im Jugendalter – eine geschlechterspezifische Analyse. In: Kolip P, Klocke A, Melzer W, Ravens-Sieberer U (Hrsg) Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten im Jugendalter aus Geschlechterperspektive. Nationaler Bericht zur WHO-Studie Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2009/10. Juventa, Weinheim Bucksch J, Finne E (2013) Körperliche Aktivität, Medienkonsum und Ernährungsverhalten im Jugendalter – eine geschlechterspezifische Analyse. In: Kolip P, Klocke A, Melzer W, Ravens-Sieberer U (Hrsg) Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten im Jugendalter aus Geschlechterperspektive. Nationaler Bericht zur WHO-Studie Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2009/10. Juventa, Weinheim
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM (1985) Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 100:126–131PubMed Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM (1985) Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 100:126–131PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Colley RC, Janssen I, Tremblay MS (2012) Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44:977–982PubMedCrossRef Colley RC, Janssen I, Tremblay MS (2012) Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44:977–982PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat DeMattia L, Lemont L, Meurer L (2007) Do interventions to limit sedentary behaviours change behaviour and reduce childhood obesity? A critical review of the literature. Obes Rev 8:69–81PubMedCrossRef DeMattia L, Lemont L, Meurer L (2007) Do interventions to limit sedentary behaviours change behaviour and reduce childhood obesity? A critical review of the literature. Obes Rev 8:69–81PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat De Toia D, Klein D, Weber S et al (2009) Relationship between anthropometry and motor abilities at pre-school age. Obes Facts 2:221–225CrossRef De Toia D, Klein D, Weber S et al (2009) Relationship between anthropometry and motor abilities at pre-school age. Obes Facts 2:221–225CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ekelund U, Sardinha LB, Anderssen SA et al (2004) Associations between objectively assessed physical activity and indicators of body fatness in 9- to 10-y-old European children: a population-based study from 4 distinct regions in Europe (the European Youth Heart Study). Am J Clin Nutr 80:584–590PubMed Ekelund U, Sardinha LB, Anderssen SA et al (2004) Associations between objectively assessed physical activity and indicators of body fatness in 9- to 10-y-old European children: a population-based study from 4 distinct regions in Europe (the European Youth Heart Study). Am J Clin Nutr 80:584–590PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ekelund U, Tomkinson G, Armstrong N (2011) What proportion of youth are physically active? Measurement issues, levels and recent time trends. Br J Sports Med 45:859–865PubMedCrossRef Ekelund U, Tomkinson G, Armstrong N (2011) What proportion of youth are physically active? Measurement issues, levels and recent time trends. Br J Sports Med 45:859–865PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Flechtner-Mors M, Thamm M, Wiegand S et al (2012) Comorbidities related to BMI category in children and adolescents: German/Austrian/Swiss Obesity Register APV compared to the German KiGGS Study. Horm Res Paediatr 77:19–26PubMedCrossRef Flechtner-Mors M, Thamm M, Wiegand S et al (2012) Comorbidities related to BMI category in children and adolescents: German/Austrian/Swiss Obesity Register APV compared to the German KiGGS Study. Horm Res Paediatr 77:19–26PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gortmaker S, Must A, Sobol A et al (1996) Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986–1990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 150:356–362PubMedCrossRef Gortmaker S, Must A, Sobol A et al (1996) Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986–1990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 150:356–362PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf C, Koch B, Kretschmann-Kandel E et al (2004) Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-project). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:22–26PubMedCrossRef Graf C, Koch B, Kretschmann-Kandel E et al (2004) Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-project). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:22–26PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf C, Koch B, Dordel S et al (2004) Physical activity, leisure habits and obesity in first-grade children. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 11:284–290PubMedCrossRef Graf C, Koch B, Dordel S et al (2004) Physical activity, leisure habits and obesity in first-grade children. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 11:284–290PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf C, Predel HG, Tokarski W, Dordel S (2006) The role of physical activity in the development and prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood. Curr Nutr Food Sci 2:215–219CrossRef Graf C, Predel HG, Tokarski W, Dordel S (2006) The role of physical activity in the development and prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood. Curr Nutr Food Sci 2:215–219CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf C, Jouck S, Koch B et al (2007) Motorische Defizite – wie schwer wiegen sie? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 155:631–637CrossRef Graf C, Jouck S, Koch B et al (2007) Motorische Defizite – wie schwer wiegen sie? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 155:631–637CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf C, Müller MJ, Reinehr T (2009) Ist die Prävention der Adipositas eine ärztliche Aufgabe? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 134:202–206PubMedCrossRef Graf C, Müller MJ, Reinehr T (2009) Ist die Prävention der Adipositas eine ärztliche Aufgabe? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 134:202–206PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group et al (2012) Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet 380:247–257PubMedCrossRef Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group et al (2012) Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet 380:247–257PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamel LM, Robbins LB, Wilbur J (2011) Computer- and web-based interventions to increase preadolescent and adolescent physical activity: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs 67:251–268PubMedCrossRef Hamel LM, Robbins LB, Wilbur J (2011) Computer- and web-based interventions to increase preadolescent and adolescent physical activity: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs 67:251–268PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR et al (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1423–1434PubMedCrossRef Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR et al (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1423–1434PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Haug E, Rasmussen M, Samda O et al (2009) Overweight in school-aged children and its relationship with demographic and lifestyle factors: results from the WHO-collaborative health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study. Int J Public Health 54:167–179PubMedCrossRef Haug E, Rasmussen M, Samda O et al (2009) Overweight in school-aged children and its relationship with demographic and lifestyle factors: results from the WHO-collaborative health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study. Int J Public Health 54:167–179PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Heath GW, Parra DC, Sarmiento OL, Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group et al (2012) Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world. Lancet 380:272–281PubMedCrossRef Heath GW, Parra DC, Sarmiento OL, Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group et al (2012) Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world. Lancet 380:272–281PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Herzig M, Dössegger A, Mäder U et al (2012) Differences in weight status and energy-balance related behaviors among schoolchildren in German-speaking Switzerland compared to seven countries in Europe. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9:139 ffPubMedCrossRef Herzig M, Dössegger A, Mäder U et al (2012) Differences in weight status and energy-balance related behaviors among schoolchildren in German-speaking Switzerland compared to seven countries in Europe. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9:139 ffPubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hills AP, King NA, Armstrong TP (2007) The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents: implications for overweight and obesity. Sports Med 37:533–545PubMedCrossRef Hills AP, King NA, Armstrong TP (2007) The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents: implications for overweight and obesity. Sports Med 37:533–545PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hinkley T, Crawford D, Salmon J et al (2008) Preschool children and physical activity: a review of correlates. Am J Prev Med 34:435–441PubMedCrossRef Hinkley T, Crawford D, Salmon J et al (2008) Preschool children and physical activity: a review of correlates. Am J Prev Med 34:435–441PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Janssen I, LeBlanc AG (2010) Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 7:40PubMedCrossRef Janssen I, LeBlanc AG (2010) Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 7:40PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Jekauc D, Reimers A, Wagner M, Woll A (2012) Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of the compliance with the physical activity guidelines in children and adolescents in Germany. BMC Public Health 12:714PubMedCrossRef Jekauc D, Reimers A, Wagner M, Woll A (2012) Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of the compliance with the physical activity guidelines in children and adolescents in Germany. BMC Public Health 12:714PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimm SY, Glynn NW, Kriska AM et al (2002) Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence. N Engl J Med 347:709–715PubMedCrossRef Kimm SY, Glynn NW, Kriska AM et al (2002) Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence. N Engl J Med 347:709–715PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleine W (2003) Tausend gelebte Kinder. Juventa, Weinheim Kleine W (2003) Tausend gelebte Kinder. Juventa, Weinheim
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D et al (2001) Perzentile für den „body mass index“ für das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149:807–818CrossRef Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D et al (2001) Perzentile für den „body mass index“ für das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149:807–818CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurth BM (2006) Tagungsbericht. Symposium zur Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 49:1050–1058PubMedCrossRef Kurth BM (2006) Tagungsbericht. Symposium zur Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 49:1050–1058PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurth BM, Schaffrath Rosario A (2007) Die Verbreitung von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 50:737–743 Kurth BM, Schaffrath Rosario A (2007) Die Verbreitung von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse des bundesweiten Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 50:737–743
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Lampert T, Sygusch R, Schlack R (2007) Nutzung elektronischer Medien im Jugendalter. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:643–652CrossRef Lampert T, Sygusch R, Schlack R (2007) Nutzung elektronischer Medien im Jugendalter. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:643–652CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Lampert T, Mensink GBM, Romahn N, Woll A (2007) Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:634–642CrossRef Lampert T, Mensink GBM, Romahn N, Woll A (2007) Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:634–642CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee S, Kuk JL, Katzmarzyk PT et al (2005) Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates metabolic risk independent of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in men. Diabetes Care 28:895–901PubMedCrossRef Lee S, Kuk JL, Katzmarzyk PT et al (2005) Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates metabolic risk independent of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in men. Diabetes Care 28:895–901PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R (2004) Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes Rev 5:4–104PubMedCrossRef Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R (2004) Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes Rev 5:4–104PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcus BH, Ciccolo JT, Sciamanna CN (2008) Using electronic/computer interventions to promote physical activity. Br J Sports Med 43:102–105PubMedCrossRef Marcus BH, Ciccolo JT, Sciamanna CN (2008) Using electronic/computer interventions to promote physical activity. Br J Sports Med 43:102–105PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Marshall SJ, Biddle SJH, Gorely T et al (2004) Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:1238–1246PubMedCrossRef Marshall SJ, Biddle SJH, Gorely T et al (2004) Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:1238–1246PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez-Gomez D, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR et al (2011) Excessive sedentary time and low cardiorespiratory fitness in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Arch Dis Child 96:240–246PubMedCrossRef Martinez-Gomez D, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR et al (2011) Excessive sedentary time and low cardiorespiratory fitness in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Arch Dis Child 96:240–246PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Melkevik O, Torsheim T, Iannotti RJ, Wold B (2010) Is spending time in screen-based sedentary behaviors associated with less physical activity: a cross national investigation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 7:46PubMedCrossRef Melkevik O, Torsheim T, Iannotti RJ, Wold B (2010) Is spending time in screen-based sedentary behaviors associated with less physical activity: a cross national investigation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 7:46PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Education (2011) Program guide for daily physical activity (update 2011). Ministry of Education, British Columbia. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/dpa/pdfs/program_guide.pdf. Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013 Ministry of Education (2011) Program guide for daily physical activity (update 2011). Ministry of Education, British Columbia. http://​www.​bced.​gov.​bc.​ca/​dpa/​pdfs/​program_​guide.​pdf.​ Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Mountjoy M, Andersen LB, Armstrong N et al (2011) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on the health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport. Br J Sports Med 45:839–848PubMedCrossRef Mountjoy M, Andersen LB, Armstrong N et al (2011) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on the health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport. Br J Sports Med 45:839–848PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V et al (2002) Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med 346:793–801PubMedCrossRef Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V et al (2002) Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med 346:793–801PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat NASPE (2011) Physical education is critical to educating the whole child, physical education position statements. National Association for Sport and Physical Education, Reston, http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/standards/upload/Physical-Education-Is-Critical-to-Educating-the-Whole-Child-Final-5-19-2011.pdf. Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013 NASPE (2011) Physical education is critical to educating the whole child, physical education position statements. National Association for Sport and Physical Education, Reston, http://​www.​aahperd.​org/​naspe/​standards/​upload/​Physical-Education-Is-Critical-to-Educating-the-Whole-Child-Final-5-19-2011.​pdf.​ Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Naul R, Schmelt D, Dreiskaemper D et al (2012) ‚Healthy children in sound communities‘ (HCSC/gkgk) a Dutch-German community-based network project to counteract obesity and physical inactivity. Fam Pract [Suppl 1] 29:i110–i116 Naul R, Schmelt D, Dreiskaemper D et al (2012) ‚Healthy children in sound communities‘ (HCSC/gkgk) a Dutch-German community-based network project to counteract obesity and physical inactivity. Fam Pract [Suppl 1] 29:i110–i116
55.
Zurück zum Zitat OECD (2010) Kindergarten-Pisa. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/44/34484643.pdf. Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013 OECD (2010) Kindergarten-Pisa. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, http://​www.​oecd.​org/​dataoecd/​38/​44/​34484643.​pdf.​ Zugegriffen: 07.01.2013
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM (2012) Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief 1–8 Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM (2012) Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief 1–8
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S et al (2011) Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. Int J Pediatr Obes 6:342–360PubMedCrossRef Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S et al (2011) Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. Int J Pediatr Obes 6:342–360PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Opper E, Worth A, Wagner M, Bös K (2007) Motorik-Modul (MoMo) im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:879–888CrossRef Opper E, Worth A, Wagner M, Bös K (2007) Motorik-Modul (MoMo) im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 50:879–888CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Pettee Gabriel KK, Morrow JR, Woolsey ALT (2012) Framework for physical activity as a complex and multidimensional behavior. J Phys Act Health 9:11–18 Pettee Gabriel KK, Morrow JR, Woolsey ALT (2012) Framework for physical activity as a complex and multidimensional behavior. J Phys Act Health 9:11–18
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahl RL (2010) Physical activity and health guidelines. recommendations for various ages, fitness levels, and conditions from 57 authoritative sources. Human Kinetics, Champaign Rahl RL (2010) Physical activity and health guidelines. recommendations for various ages, fitness levels, and conditions from 57 authoritative sources. Human Kinetics, Champaign
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzo A, Lange B, Suma EY, Bolas M (2011) Virtual reality and interactive digital game technology: new tools to address obesity and diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 5:256–264 Rizzo A, Lange B, Suma EY, Bolas M (2011) Virtual reality and interactive digital game technology: new tools to address obesity and diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 5:256–264
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson TN (1999) Reducing children′s television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 282:1561–1567PubMedCrossRef Robinson TN (1999) Reducing children′s television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 282:1561–1567PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson TN (2001) Television viewing and childhood obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am 48:1017–1025PubMedCrossRef Robinson TN (2001) Television viewing and childhood obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am 48:1017–1025PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Roth K, Ruf K, Obinger M et al (2010) Is there a secular decline in motor skills in preschool children? Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:670–678PubMedCrossRef Roth K, Ruf K, Obinger M et al (2010) Is there a secular decline in motor skills in preschool children? Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:670–678PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC (2000) A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:963–975PubMed Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC (2000) A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:963–975PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Simonen RL, Perusse L, Rankinen T et al (2002) Familial aggregation of physical activity levels in the Quebec family study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1137–1142PubMedCrossRef Simonen RL, Perusse L, Rankinen T et al (2002) Familial aggregation of physical activity levels in the Quebec family study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1137–1142PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirard JR, Pate RR (2001) Physical activity assessment in children and adolescents. Sports Med 31:439–454PubMedCrossRef Sirard JR, Pate RR (2001) Physical activity assessment in children and adolescents. Sports Med 31:439–454PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Strasburger VC, Council on Communications and Media American Academy of Pediatrics (2010) Media education. Pediatrics 126:1012–1017PubMedCrossRef Strasburger VC, Council on Communications and Media American Academy of Pediatrics (2010) Media education. Pediatrics 126:1012–1017PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun H (2012) Exergaming impact on physical activity and interest in elementary school children. Res Q Exerc Sport 83:212–220PubMed Sun H (2012) Exergaming impact on physical activity and interest in elementary school children. Res Q Exerc Sport 83:212–220PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Tittlbach SA, Sygusch R, Brehm W et al (2011) Association between physical activity and health in German adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 11:283–291CrossRef Tittlbach SA, Sygusch R, Brehm W et al (2011) Association between physical activity and health in German adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 11:283–291CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomkinson GR, Leger LA, Olds TS, Cazorla G (2003) Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980–2000): an analysis of 55 studies of the 20 m shuttle run test in 11 countries. Sports Med 33:285–300PubMedCrossRef Tomkinson GR, Leger LA, Olds TS, Cazorla G (2003) Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980–2000): an analysis of 55 studies of the 20 m shuttle run test in 11 countries. Sports Med 33:285–300PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Tortelero SR, Taylor WC, Murray NG (2000) Physical activity. physical fitness and social. Psychological and emotional health. In: Armstrong N, Mechelen W van (Hrsg) Paediatric exercise science and medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, S 273–293 Tortelero SR, Taylor WC, Murray NG (2000) Physical activity. physical fitness and social. Psychological and emotional health. In: Armstrong N, Mechelen W van (Hrsg) Paediatric exercise science and medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, S 273–293
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Tremblay MS, Leblanc AG, Janssen I et al (2011) Canadian sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36:59–64PubMedCrossRef Tremblay MS, Leblanc AG, Janssen I et al (2011) Canadian sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36:59–64PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Tucker P (2008) The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: a systematic review. Early Child Res Q 23:547–558CrossRef Tucker P (2008) The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: a systematic review. Early Child Res Q 23:547–558CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Beets MW et al (2011) How many steps/day are enough? For children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8:78PubMedCrossRef Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Beets MW et al (2011) How many steps/day are enough? For children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8:78PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W (2007) A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1241–1250CrossRef Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W (2007) A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1241–1250CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Grieken A, Ezendam NPM, Paulis WD et al (2012) Primary prevention of overweight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to decrease sedentary behaviour. J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9:61CrossRef Van Grieken A, Ezendam NPM, Paulis WD et al (2012) Primary prevention of overweight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to decrease sedentary behaviour. J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9:61CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS et al (1997) Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 337:869–873PubMedCrossRef Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS et al (1997) Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 337:869–873PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat WHO (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization, Genf WHO (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization, Genf
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Woll A, Kurth BM, Opper E et al (2011) The ‚Motorik-Modul‘ (MoMo): physical fitness and physical activity in German children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 170:1129–1142PubMedCrossRef Woll A, Kurth BM, Opper E et al (2011) The ‚Motorik-Modul‘ (MoMo): physical fitness and physical activity in German children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 170:1129–1142PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Woll A, Worth A, Mündermann A et al (in press) Age- and sex-dependent disparity in physical fitness between obese and normalweight children and adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fit in press Woll A, Worth A, Mündermann A et al (in press) Age- and sex-dependent disparity in physical fitness between obese and normalweight children and adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fit in press
Metadaten
Titel
Vorschläge zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland
Ein Expertenkonsens
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Dr. C. Graf
R. Beneke
W. Bloch
J. Bucksch
S. Dordel
S. Eiser
N. Ferrari
B. Koch
S. Krug
W. Lawrenz
K. Manz
R. Naul
R. Oberhoffer
E. Quilling
H. Schulz
T. Stemper
G. Stibbe
W. Tokarski
K. Völker
A. Woll
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-012-2863-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2013

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 5/2013 Zur Ausgabe

CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Herzgeräusche bei Kindern

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.