Background
Methods
Participants
Demographic | Overall (N = 1200) |
---|---|
Age (mean years [SD])a | 53.12 (16.04) |
Age categories (%) | |
18–29 years | 104 (8.8) |
30–39 years | 154 (13.0) |
40–49 years | 205 (17.3) |
50–59 years | 270 (22.7) |
60–69 years | 272 (22.9) |
70+ years | 182 (15.3) |
Sex (%)e | |
Woman | 609 (50.8) |
Man | 591 (49.3) |
Education (%)b | |
Up to Post-Secondary Education | 472 (39.7) |
Post-Secondary Graduate | 716 (60.3) |
Employment (%)c | |
Full Time | 486 (40.6) |
Other than Full Time | 711 (59.4) |
Federal Vote (%)d | |
Right | 454 (56.4) |
Centre | 275 (34.2) |
Left | 76 (9.4) |
Provincial Vote (%)i | |
Right | 510 (60.4) |
Centre | 105 (12.4) |
Left | 230 (27.2) |
Health (%)f | |
Good or Better | 1024 (85.4) |
Fair or Worse | 175 (14.6) |
Household Income (%)g | |
Below Median (<$70,000) | 383 (36.6) |
Above Median (≥$70,000) | 663 (63.4) |
Household Size (%)h | |
Single Person Household | 233 (19.5) |
Two Person Household | 442 (37.0) |
Three Person Household | 187 (15.7) |
Four Plus Person Household | 332 (27.8) |
Population Centre (%)e | |
Outside | 400 (33.3) |
Inside | 800 (66.7) |
Measures
Cancer causes and prevention
Causes and responsibility for chronic disease related factors
Sociodemographic variables
Data analysis
Missing data and imputation
Variable selection and modeling
Results
Perceptions of Links to Cancer | Model Covariates | Significant Variables | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
Participating in regular exercise | Age, Education, Sex, Health, Household Income | Education | 0.70 (0.55–0.90) |
Sex | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | ||
Maintaining a healthy body weight | Age, Education, Household Income, and Population Centre | Education | 0.63 (0.49–0.80) |
Smoking cigarettes | Age, Employment, Sex, Health, Household Income, Household Size, and Population Centre | – | – |
Using other tobacco products | Age, Education, Employment, Sex, Health, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Drinking excessive alcohol | Education, Federal Vote, Sex, Health, Household Income, Population Centre, and Provincial Vote | Sex | 0.51 (0.37–0.69) |
Where a person works | Age, Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Population Centre, Provincial Vote | – | – |
Where a person goes to school | Employment, Sex, Health, and Household income | Sex | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) |
Eating a healthy balanced diet | Education, Employment, Sex, Health, and Household Income | Household Income | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) |
Eating sufficient servings of fruits and vegetables | Education, Employment, and Household Income | Education | 0.69 (0.55–0.88) |
Exposure to tobacco smoke | Education, Federal Vote, Health, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Smoking marijuana | Age, Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Health, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Age | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
Residing near industrial facilities | Age, Education, Federal Vote, Sex, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Sex | 0.47 (0.31–0.72) |
The neighborhood, town or city where a person lives | Age, Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Sex, and Provincial Vote | Sex | 0.69 (0.53–0.89) |
Perceptions of Cancer Prevention | Model Covariates | Significant Variables | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
Most cancers are preventable | Age, Education, Sex, Health, and Population Centre | – | – |
Cancer prevention only works for young people | Federal Vote, Sex, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Cancer is just bad luck; it is not preventable | Age, Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Sex, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Federal Vote Centre Federal Vote Left Sex | 0.26 (0.11–0.61) 0.23 (0.08–0.66) 1.76 (1.28–2.40) |
Cancer treatment is more important than prevention | Age, Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Sex, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Age | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
Sex | 1.52 (1.19–1.95) | ||
Most cancers are caused by genetics | Education, Employment, and Health | – | – |
Perceptions of Causes and Responsibility for Chronic Disease Related Factors | Model Covariates | Significant Variables | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
Alcohol problem - Cause is one’s own fault | Education, Federal, Sex, Household Income, Population Centre, and Provincial Vote | Sex | 1.64 (1.29–2.08) |
Alcohol problem - Cause is circumstances beyond one’s control | Education, Federal Vote, Health, Household Income, Population Centre, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Alcohol problem – Individual’s responsibility to address | Employment, Federal Vote, Sex, Health, Population Centre, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Alcohol problem – Society’s responsibility to address | Education, Employment, Federal Vote, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Provincial Vote Left | 3.29 (1.69–6.42) |
Tobacco problem - Cause is one’s own fault | Education, Federal Vote, Sex, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Federal Vote Centre | 0.47 (0.27–0.83) |
Federal Vote Left | 0.29 (0.15–0.57) | ||
Tobacco problem - Cause is circumstances beyond one’s control | Education, Federal Vote, Health, Household Income, and Provincial Vote | Household Income | 0.65 (0.47–0.89) |
Provincial Vote Centre | 3.67 (1.60–8.39) | ||
Tobacco problem - Individual’s responsibility to address | Education, Federal Vote, Sex, Health, Population Centre, and Provincial Vote | Federal Vote Left | 0.27 (0.11–0.64) |
Tobacco problem - Society’s responsibility | Education, Federal Vote, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Obesity problem - Cause is one’s own fault | Age, Federal Vote, Sex, Household Size, and Provincial Vote | Age | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
Federal Vote Left | 0.46 (0.24–0.88) | ||
Household Size 4+ Persons | 0.57 (0.39–0.83) | ||
Obesity problem - Cause is circumstances beyond one’s control | Federal Vote, Health, Household Income, Household Size, and Provincial Vote | – | – |
Obesity problem - Individual’s responsibility to address | Age, Employment, Federal Vote, Health, and Provincial Vote | Federal Vote Left | 0.33 (0.15–0.73) |
Obesity problem - Society’s responsibility | Education, Federal Vote, and Provincial Vote | Education | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) |