Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adinarayana M, Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1988) Hydroxyl radical-induced strand break formation in single-stranded polynucleotides and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution as measured by light scattering and by conductivity. Int J Radiat Biol 54:723–737
Alexander AJ, Kebarle P, Fuciarelli AF, Raleigh JA (1987) Characterization of radiation-induced damage to polyadenylic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. Anal Chem 59:2484–2491
Aravindakumar CT, Schuchmann MN, Rao BSM, von Sonntag J, von Sonntag C (2003) The reactions of cytidine and 2′-deoxycytidine with SO4•− revisited. Pulse radiolysis and product studies. Org Biomol Chem 1:401–408
Bamatraf MMM, O’Neill P, Rao BSM (1998) Redox dependence of the rate of interaction of hydroxyl radical adducts of DNA nucleobases with oxidants: consequences for DNA strand breakage. J Am Chem Soc 120:11852–11857
Barvian MR, Greenberg MM (1992) Independent generation of the major adduct of hydroxyl radical and thymidine. Examination of intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in competition with thiol trapping. Tetrahedron Lett 33:6057–6060
Barvian MR, Greenberg MM (1995a) Independent generation of 5,6-dihydrothymid-5-yl in singlestranded polythymidylate. O2 is necessary for strand scission. J Am Chem Soc 117:8291–8292
Barvian MR, Greenberg MM (1995b) Independent generation of 5,6-dihydrothymid-5-yl and investigation of its ability to effect nucleic acid strand scission via hydrogen atom abstraction. J Org Chem 60:1916–1917
Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1982) Release of K+ and H+ from poly U in aqueous solution upon γ and electron irradiation. Rate of strand break formation in poly U. Z Naturforsch 37c:1191–1204
Bothe E, Selbach H (1985) Rate and rate-determining step of hydrogen-atom-induced strand breakage in poly(U) in aqueous solution under anoxic conditions. Z Naturforsch 40c:247–253
Bothe E, Behrens G, Böhm E, Sethuram B, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1986) Hydroxyl radical-induced strand break formation of poly(U) in the presence of oxygen: comparison of the rates as determined by conductivity, e.s.r. and rapid-mix experiments with a thiol. Int J Radiat Biol 49:57–66
Box HC, Budzinski EE, Dawidzik JD, Wallace JC, Evans MS, Gobey JS (1996) Radiation-induced formation of a crosslink between base moieties of deoxyguanosine and thymidine in deoxygenated solutions of d(CpGpTpA). Radiat Res 145:641–643
Box HC, Budzinski EE, Dawidzik JB, Wallace JC, Iijima H (1998) Tandem lesions and other products in X-irradiated DNA oligomers. Radiat Res 149:433–439
Budzinski EE, Dawidzik JB, Rajecki MJ, Wallace JC, Schroder EA, Box HC (1997) Isolation and characterization of the products of anoxic irradiation of d(CpGpTpA). Int J Radiat Biol 71:327–336
Candeias LP, O’Neill P, Jones GDD, Steenken S (1992) Ionization of polynucleotides and DNA in aqueous solution by 193 nm pulsed laser light: identification of base-derived radicals. Int J Radiat Biol 61:15–20
Catterall H, Davies MJ, Gilbert BC (1992) An EPR study of the transfer of radical-induced damage from the base to sugar in nucleic acid components: relevance to the occurrence of strandbreakage. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2:1379–1385
Das S, Deeble DJ, von Sonntag C (1985) Site of H atom attack on uracil and its derivatives in aqueous solution. Z Naturforsch 40c:292–294
Deeble DJ, von Sonntag C (1984) γ-Radiolysis of poly(U) in aqueous solution. The role of primary sugar and base radicals in the release of undamaged uracil. Int J Radiat Biol 46:247–260
Deeble DJ, von Sonntag C (1986) Radiolysis of poly(U) in oxygenated solutions. Int J Radiat Biol 49:927–936
Deeble DJ, Schulz D, von Sonntag C (1986) Reactions of OH radicals with poly(U) in deoxygenated solutions: sites of OH radical attack and the kinetics of base release. Int J Radiat Biol 49:915–926
Denk O, Washino K, Schnabel W (1983) OH radical-induced chemical reactions of polynucleotide complexes. Makromol Chem 184:165–173
Dizdaroglu M, Simic MG (1985) Radiation-induced crosslinking of pyrimidine oligonucleotides. Radiat Phys Chem 26:309–316
Doddridge ZA, Warner JL, Cullis PM, Jones GDD (1998) UV-induced strand break damage in single stranded bromodeoxyuridine-containing DNA oligonucleotides. Chem Commun 1997–1998
Fahey RC, Vojnovic B, Michael BD (1991) The effects of counter-ion condensation and co-ion depletion upon the rates of chemical repair of poly(U) radicals by thiols. Int J Radiat Biol 59:885–899
Fuciarelli AF, Miller GG, Raleigh JA (1985) An immunochemical probe for 8,5′-cycloadenosine-5′-monophosphate and its deoxy analog in irradiated nucleic acid. Radiat Res 104:272–283
Fuciarelli AF, Shum FY, Raleigh JA (1986) Stereoselective intramolecular cyclization in irradiated nucleic acids: R-and S-8,5′-cyclyadenosine in polyadenylic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 134:883–887
Fuciarelli AF, Shum FY, Raleigh JA (1987) Intramolecular cyclization in irradiated nucleic acids: Correlation between high-performance liquid chromatography and an immunochemical assay for 8,5′-cycloadenosine in irradiated poly(A). Radiat Res 110:35–44
Giese B, Beyrich-Graf X, Erdmann P, Giraud L, Imwinkelried P, Müller SN, Schwitter U (1995) Cleavage of single-stranded 4′-oligonucleotide radicals in the presence of O2. J Am Chem Soc 117:6146–6247
Görner H, Wala M, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1992) Strand breakage in poly(C), poly(A), single-and double-stranded DNA induced by nanosecond laser excitation at 193 nm. Photochem Photobiol 55:173–184
Grachev SA, Kropachev EV, Litvjakova GI (1995) Formation of 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrouracil and release of undamaged uracil as a result of poly(U) irradiation in N2O-saturated aqueous solution. Int J Radiat Biol 68:543–551
Grachev SA, Kropachev EV, Litvyakova GI, Chakchir BA (1997) Radiolysis of polyuridylic acid in aqueous solutions saturated with N2O. High Energy Chem 31:163–167
Greenberg MM, Barvian MR, Cook GP, Goodman BK, Matray TJ, Tronche C, Venkatesan H (1997) DNA damage induced via 5,6-dihydrothymid-5-yl in single-stranded oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 119:1828–1839
Gurzadyan GG, Görner H (1994) Damage to uracil-and adenine-containing bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides: quantum yields on irradiation at 193 and 254 nm. Photochem Photobiol 60:323–332
Hankiewicz E (1995) Hydroxyl radical-induced reactions in polyadenylic acid as studied by pulse radiolysis II. Reactions of primary radicals with oxidants. Bull Pol Acad Sci Chem 43:41–49
Hankiewicz E (1996) Hydroxyl radical-induced reactions in polyadenylic acid as studied by pulse radiolysis-Part III. Consecutive reactions. Radiat Phys Chem 47:61–65
Hankiewicz E (1998) Hydroxyl radical-induced reactions in polyadenylic acid as studied by pulse radiolysis. IV. Reactions of primary radicals with reductants. Bull Pol Acad Sci Chem 46:455–464
Hankiewicz E, Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1992) Hydroxyl radical-induced reactions in polyadenylic acid as studied by pulse radiolysis, part. I. Transformation reactions of two isomeric OHadducts. Free Rad Res Commun 16:391–400
Hildenbrand K, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1989) E.S.R. studies on the mechanism of hydroxyl radical-induced strand breakage of polyuridylic acid. Int J Radiat Biol 55:725–738
Hildenbrand K, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1997) Time-resolved EPR studies on the reaction rates of peroxyl radicals of poly(acrylic acid) and of calf thymus DNA with glutathione. Re-examination of a rate constant for DNA. Int J Radiat Biol 71:377–385
Hildenbrand K, Mirtsch S, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1993) 1H-NMR studies of γ-irradiated polynucleotides and DNA in N2O-saturated aqueous solutions. Release of undamaged and modified bases. Radiat Res 134:283–294
Hwang J-T, Tallman KA, Greenberg MM (1999) The reactivity of the 2-deoxyribonolactone lesion in single-stranded DNA and its implication in reaction mechanisms of DNA damage and repair. Nucleic Acids Res 27:3805–3810
Isildar M, Schuchmann MN, Schulte-Frohlinde D, von Sonntag C (1982) Oxygen uptake in the radiolysis of aqueous solutions of nucleic acids and their constituents. Int J Radiat Biol 41:525–533
Joffe A, Mock S, Yun BH, Kolbanovskiy A, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V (2003a) Oxidative generation of guanine radicals by carbonate radicals and their reactions with nitrogen dioxide to form site-specific 5-guanodine-4-nitroimidazole lesions in oligodeoxynucleotides. Chem Res Toxicol 16:966–973
Joffe A, Geacintov NE, Shafirovich V (2003b) DNA lesions derived from the site selective oxidation of guanine by carbonate radical anions. Chem Res Toxicol 16:1528–1538
Jones GDD, O’Neill P (1990) The kinetics of radiation-induced strand breakage in polynucleotides in the presence of oxygen: a time-resolved light-scattering study. Int J Radiat Biol 57:1123–1139
Jones GDD, O’Neill P (1991) Kinetics of radiation-induced strand break formation in single-stranded pyrimidine nucleotides in the presence and absence of oxygen; a time-resolved light-scattering study. Int J Radiat Biol 59:1127–1145
Karam LR, Simic MG, Dizdaroglu M (1986) Free radical-induced cross-linking of polydeoxythymidylic acid in deoxygenated aqueous solution. Int J Radiat Biol 49:67–75
Karam LR, Dizdaroglu M, Simic MG (1988) Intramolecular H atom abstraction from the sugar moiety by thymine radicals in oligo-and polydeoxynucleotides. Radiat Res 116:210–216
Lal M, Rao R, Fang X, Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1997) Radical-induced oxidation of dithiothreitol in acidic oxygenated aqueous solution: a chain reaction. J Am Chem Soc 119:5735–5739
Lemaire DGE, Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1984) Yields of radiation-induced main chain scission of poly U in aqueous solution: strand break formation via base radicals. Int J Radiat Biol 45:351–358
Lemaire DGE, Bothe E, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1987) Hydroxyl radical-induced strand break formation of poly(U) in anoxic solution. Effect of dithiothreitol and tetranitromethane. Int J Radiat Biol 51:319–330
Melvin T, Botchway SW, Parker AW, O’Neill O (1996) Induction of strand breaks in single-stranded polyribonucleotides and DNA by photoionization: one electron oxidized nucleobase radicals as precursors. J Am Chem Soc 118:10031–10036
Michaels HB, Hunt JW (1977a) Radiolysis of the double-stranded polynucleotides poly(A+U) and DNA in the presence of oxygen. Radiat Res 72:32–47
Michaels HB, Hunt JW (1977b) Reaction of oxygen with radiation-induced free radicals on singlestranded polynucleotides. Radiat Res 72:18–31
Murthy CP, Deeble DJ, von Sonntag C (1988) The formation of phosphate end groups in the radiolysis of polynucleotides in aqueous solution. Z Naturforsch 43c:572–576
Müller M (1983) Untersuchungen zum OH-induzierten Strangbruch von Poly-(C) in wässriger Lösung. Dissertation, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum
Paul CR, Wallace JC, Alderfer JL, Box HC (1988) Radiation chemistry of d(TpApCpG) in oxygenated solution. Int J Radiat Biol 54:403–415
Paul CR, Budzinski EE, Maccubbin A, Wallace JC, Box HC (1990) Characterization of radiation-induced damage in d(TpApCpG). Int J Radiat Biol 58:759–768
Schroder E, Budzinski EE, Wallace JC, Zimbrick JD, Box HC (1995) Radiation chemistry of d(ApCpGpT). Int J Radiat Biol 68:509–523
Schulte-Frohlinde D, Bothe E (1984) Identification of a major pathway of strand break formation in poly U induced by OH radicals in presence of oxygen. Z Naturforsch 39c:315–319
Schulte-Frohlinde D, Hildenbrand K (1989) Electron spin resonance studies of the reactions of •OH and SO4•− radicals with DNA, polynucleotides and single base model compounds. In: Minisci F (ed) Free radicals in synthesis and biology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 335–359
Schulte-Frohlinde D, Opitz J, Görner H, Bothe E (1985) Model studies for the direct effect of highenergy irradiation on DNA. Mechanism of strand break formation induced by photoionization of poly U in aqueous solution. Int J Radiat Biol 48:397–408
Schulte-Frohlinde D, Behrens G, Önal A (1986a) Lifetime of peroxyl radicals of poly(U), poly(A) and single-and double-stranded DNA and the rate of their reaction with thiols. Int J Radiat Biol 50:103–110
Schulte-Frohlinde D, Bothe E, Behrens G, Opitz J (1986b) Pulse-radiolytic studies of DNA and polynucleotides in aqueous solution in the presence of oxygen. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 101:209–220
Shafirovich V, Dourandin A, Huang W, Geacintov NE (2004) The carbonate radical is a site-selective oxidizing agent of guanine in double-stranded oligonucleotides. J Biol Chem 276:24621–24626
Steenken S, Goldbergerova L (1998) Photoionization of organic phosphates by 193 nm laser light in aqueous solution: rapid intramolecular H-transfer to the primarily formed phosphate radical. A model for ionization-induced chain-breakage of DNA. J Am Chem Soc 120:3928–3934
Wala M, Bothe E, Görner H, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1990) Quantum yields for the generation of hydrated electrons and single-strand breaks in poly(C), poly(A) and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution on 20 ns laser excitation at 248 nm. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 53:87–108
Washino K, Schnabel W (1982) OH Radical-induced main chain scission of poly(riboadenylic acid). Macromol Chem Rapid Commun 3:427–430
Washino K, Denk O, Schnabel W (1983) OH-radical-induced main-chain scission of poly(ribonucleic acids) under anoxic conditions. Z Naturforsch 38c:100–106
Washino K, Katsikas L, Schnabel W (1984) Radiation-induced strand breakage in poly(riboadenylic acid). A pulse radiolysis study on the protective action of cysteamine under anoxic conditions. Int J Radiat Biol 46:747–758
Wolf P, Jones GDD, Candeias LP, O’Neill PO (1993) Induction of strand breaks in polyribonucleotides and DNA by the sulphate radical anion: role of electron loss centres as precursors of strand breakage. Int J Radiat Biol 64:7–18
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2006). Polynucleotides and Single-Stranded DNA Fragments. In: Free-Radical-Induced DNA Damage and Its Repair. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30592-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30592-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26120-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30592-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)