Skip to main content

Sampling Adults with Light-Traps

  • Chapter
Mosquito Ecology

Light-traps, the earliest using paraffin or acetylene lamps, have been used for many years to catch insects and many papers have been published dealing with various trap designs, different light sources and factors influencing catch size.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acuff VR (1976) Trap biases influencing mosquito collecting. Mosquito News 36, 173-176

    Google Scholar 

  • Altman DG, Bland JM (1983) Measurement in medicine - the analysis of method comparison studies. Statisitician 32: 307-317

    Google Scholar 

  • Aranda C, Aponte JJ, Saute F, Casimiro S, Pinto J, Sousa C, do Rosario V, Petrarca V, Dgedge M, Alonso P (2005) Entomological characteristics of ma-laria transmission in Manhiça, a rural area in southern Mozambique. J Med Entomol 42: 180-186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Artsob H, Spence L, Surgeoner G, Th’ng C, Lampotang V, Grant L, McCreadie J (1983) Studies on a focus of California group virus activity in southern Ontario. Mosquito News 43: 449-455

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailly-Choumara H (1973a) Étude préliminaire d’une récolte d’Anopheles labran-chiae par piège CDC réalisée dans la région de Larache, Maroc. Bull World Health Organ 49: 49-55

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly-Choumara H (1973b) Étude comparative de différentes techniques de ré-colté de moustiques adultes (Diptera, Culicidae) faîte au Maroc, en zone rurale. Bull Soc Sci Nat Phys Maroc 53: 135-187

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin WF, Chant GD (1975) Seasonal succession of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Chalk River area. Can Entomol 107: 947-952

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargren WC, Nibley C (1956) Comparative Attractiveness of Colored Lights of Equal Intensity to Specific Species of Mosquitoes’. Research Report of Third Army Area Medical Laboratory, SU 3004, Fort McPherson (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker-Hudson P, Kay BH, Jones RE, Fanning ID, Smythe LD (1993) Surveil-lance of mosquitoes and arbovirus infection at the Ross River Dam (Stage 1), Australia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 389-399

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barr AR, Smith TA, Boreham MM (1960) Light intensity and the attraction of mosquitoes to light traps. J Econ Entomol 53: 876-880

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr AR, Smith TA, Boreham MM, White KE (1963) Evaluation of some factors affecting the efficiency of light traps in collecting mosquitoes. J Econ Ento-mol 56: 123-127

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartnett RE, Stephenson RG (1968) Effect of mechanical barrier mesh size on light trap collections in Harris county, Texas. Mosquito News 28: 108

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton PS, Aberton JG, Kay BH (2004) Spatial and temporal definition of Ochle-rotatus camptorhynchus (Thomson) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Gippsland Lakes system of eastern Victoria. Aust J Entomol 43: 1-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Bast TF (1960) An automatic interval collector for the New Jersey light trap. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 47: 95-104

    Google Scholar 

  • Bast TF, Rehn JWH (1963) Vertical distribution of mosquitoes as indicated by light trap collections in two environments. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 50: 219-229

    Google Scholar 

  • Bast TF, Rehn JWH, Stockwell WE (1964) Density of mosquitoes at two elevations. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 51: 146-152

    Google Scholar 

  • Belton P, Galloway MM (1966) Light-trap collections of mosquitoes near Belleville, Ontario in 1965. Proc Entomol Soc Ontario 96: 90-96

    Google Scholar 

  • Belton P, Kempster RH (1963) Some factors affecting the catches of Lepidoptera in light traps. Can Entomol 95: 832-837

    Google Scholar 

  • Belton P, Pucat A (1967) A comparison of different lights in traps for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Can Entomol 99: 267-272

    Google Scholar 

  • Bidlingmayer WL (1964) The effect of moonlight on the flight activity of mosqui-toes. Ecology 45: 87-94

    Google Scholar 

  • Bidlingmayer WL (1967) A comparison of trapping methods for adult mosquitoes: species response and environmental influence. J Med Entomol 4: 200-220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bidlingmayer WL, Schoof HF (1957) The dispersal characteristics of the salt-marsh mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) near Savannah, Georgia. Mosquito News: 17: 202-212

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackeslee TE, Axtell R, Johnston L (1959) Aedes vexans and Culex salinarius light trap collections at five elevations. Mosquito News 19: 283

    Google Scholar 

  • Boobar LR, Sardelis MR, Nelson JH, Brown WM (1987) A new type of collapsi-ble insect-surveillance light trap for sampling Diptera. Med Vet Entomol 1: 215-218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosak PJ, Reed LM, Crans WJ (2001) Habitat preference of host-seeking Coquit-tettidia perturbans (Walker) in relation to birds and eastern equine encepha-lomyelitis virus in New Jersey. J Vector Ecol 26: 10-09

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J (1973) The influence of moonlight on catches of insects in light-traps in Africa. Part I. The moon and moonlight. Bull Entomol Res 63: 113-128

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J (1981) The relationship between light- and suction-trap catches of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and the adjust-ment of light-trap catches to allow for variation in moonlight. Bull Entomol Res 71: 621-629

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J (1982) An analysis of factors affecting catches of insects in light-traps. Bull Entomol Res 72: 535-556

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J (1984) Latitudinal and seasonal changes of nocturnal illumination with a hypothesis about their effect on catches of insects in light-traps. Bull Ento-mol Res 74: 279-288

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J, Church BM (1973) The influence of moonlight on catches of insects in light-traps in Africa. Part II. The effect of moon phase on light-trap catches. Bull Entomol Res 63: 129-142

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden J, Morris MG (1975) The influence of moonlight on catches of insects in light-traps in Africa. III. The effective radius of a mercury-vapour light-trap and the analysis of catches using effective radius. Bull Entomol Res 65: 303-348

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley GH (1943) Determination of densities of Anopheles quadrimaculatus on the wing. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 30: 22-27

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley GH, McNeel TE (1935) Mosquito collections in Florida with the New Jersey light trap. J Econ Entomol 28: 780-786

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley GH, Travis BV (1943) Time-saving methods for handling mosquito light-trap collections. J Econ Entomol 36: 51-53

    Google Scholar 

  • Braverman Y, Linley JR (1993) Effect of light trap height on catch of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Israel. J Med Entomol 30: 1060-1063

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breeland SG (1974) Population patterns of Anopheles albimanus and their signifi-cance to malaria abatement. Bull World Health Organ 50: 307-315

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breyev KA (1958) On the use of ultra-violet light-traps for determining the spe-cific composition and numbers of mosquito populations. Parazitol Sb 18: 219-238 (In Russian, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Breyev KA (1963) The effect of various light sources on the numbers and species of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) collected in light traps. En-tomol Obozr 42: 280-303 (In Russian, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Broom AK, Wright AE, Mackenzie JS, Lindsay MD, Robinson D (1989) Isolation of Murray Valley encephalitis and Ross River viruses from Aedes normanen-sis (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Australia. J Med Entomol 26: 100-103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brust RA (1980) Dispersal behaviour of adult Aedes sticticus and Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) in Manitoba. Can Entomol 112: 31-42

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan JH (1986) Vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti in the Sepik provinces of Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 123-131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley DJ, Stewart WWA (1970) A light-activated switch for controlling bat-tery-operated light traps. Can Entomol 102: 911-912

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkett DA, Butler JF, Kline DL (1998) Field evaluation of colored light-emitting diodes as attractants for woodland mosquitoes and other Diptera in north cen-tral Florida. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 14: 186-195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burkhardt D (1977) On the vision of insects. J Comp Physiol 120: 33-50

    Google Scholar 

  • Caglar SS, Alten B, Bellini R, Simsek FM, Kaynas S (2003) Comparison of noc-turnal activities of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled by New Jersey light traps and CO2 traps in Belek, Turkey. J Vector Ecol 28: 12-22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cano J, Berzosa PJ, Roche J, Rubio JM, Moyano E, Guerra-Neira A, Brochero H, Mico M, Edu M, Benito A (2004) Malaria vectors in the Bioko Island (Equa-torial Guinea); estimation of vector dynamics and transmission intensities. J Med Entomol 41: 158-161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carnevale P (1974) Variations saisonnières d’une population d’Anopheles nili (Theo.), 1904 en République Populaire du Congo. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 12: 165-174

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnevale P, Boreham PFL (1978) Études des preferences trophique d’Anopheles nili (Theo.), 1904. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 16: 17-22

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnevale P, Le Pont F (1973) Epidemiologie du paludism humain en République Populaire du Congo. II. Utilisation des pièges lumineux ‘C.D.C’. comme mo-yen d’échantillonnage des populations anophèliennes. Cah ORSTOM sér En-tomol Méd Parasitol 11: 263-273

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain RW, Sudia WD, Coleman PH, Beadle LD (1964) Vector studies in the St. Louis encephalitis epidemic, Tampa Bay area, Florida, 1962. Am J Trop Med Hyg 13: 456-461

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA, Boreham PFL, Highton RB, Hill MN (1975a) A study of the host se-lection patterns of the mosquitoes of the Kisumu area of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 69: 415-425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA, Highton RB, Hill MN (1975b) Mosquitoes of the Kano Plain, Kenya. I. Results of indoor collections in irrigated and nonirrigated areas us-ing human bait and light traps. J Med Entomol 12: 504-510

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA, Highton RB, Boreham PFL (1976a) Studies on some ornithophilic mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Kano Plain, Kenya. Bull Entomol Res 66: 133-143

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JA, Highton RB, Hill MN (1976b) Mosquitoes of the Kano Plain, Kenya. II. Results of outdoor collections in irrigated and nonirrigated areas using human and animal bait and light traps. J Med Entomol 13: 202-207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaniotis BN, Anderson JR (1968) Age structure, population dynamics and vector potential of Phlebotomus in northern California. Part II. Field population dy-namics and natural flagellate infections in parous females. J Med Entomol 5: 273-292

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charlwood JD (1997) Vectorial capacity, species diversity and population cycles of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from indoor light-trap collec-tions in a house in southeastern Tanzania. Afr Entomol 5: 93-101

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen HA, de Vasquez AM, Boreham MM (1996) Host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 202-208

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clements AN (1963) The Physiology of Mosquitoes. Pergamon Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Collett GC, Graham JE, Bradley IE (1964) Relationship of mosquito light trap col-lection data to larval survey data in Salt Lake county. Mosquito News 24: 160-162

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier BW, Solberg VB, Brown MW, Boobar LR (1992) A fabric body light trap for sampling mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 8: 413-415

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Petrarca V (1973) Aspirator with paper cup for collecting mosquitoes and other insects. Mosquito News 33: 249-250

    Google Scholar 

  • Cope SE, Hazelrigg JE (1989) Evaluations of trapping methods, biting behavior, and parity rates for mosquitoes—Harbor lake, Wilmington, California, U.S.A. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 14: 277-281

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS (1961) Entomological studies from a high tower in Mpanga forest, Uganda. VI. Nocturnal flight activity of Culicidae and Tabanidae as indicated by light-traps. Trans R Entomol Soc Lond 113: 301-314

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS (1964) Nocturnal flight activity of sylvan Culicidae and Tabanidae (Diptera) as indicated by light traps: a further study. Proc R Entomol Soc Lond (A) 39: 53-67

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS, Haddow AJ (1961) Observations on nocturnal flight activity in some African Culicidae (Diptera). Proc R Entomol Soc Lond (A) 36: 113-118

    Google Scholar 

  • Costantini C, Sagnon NF, Sanogo E, Merzagora L, Coluzzi M (1998) Relationship to human biting collections and influence of light and bednet in CDC light-trap catches of West African malaria vectors. Bull Entomol Res 88: 503-511

    Google Scholar 

  • Coz J, Hamon J, Vervent G, Sales S (1971) Contribution à l’étude du piège lu-mineux ‘C.D.C. miniature light trap’ comme moyen d’échantillonnage des populations anophèliennes dans le Sud-Ouest de la Haute-Volta. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 9: 417-430

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawley MJ (1993) GLIM for Ecologists. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford Cummings RC (1992) Design and use of a modified Reiter gravid mosquito trap for mosquito borne encephalitis surveillance in Los Angeles County, California. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 60: 110-116

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis JR, Hall T, Chee EM, Majala A, Minjas J, Shiff CJ (1995) Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections in-doors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 9: 249-255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dethier VG (1963) The Physiology of Insect Senses. Methuen & Co., London

    Google Scholar 

  • De Waal DJ, Hewitt PH (1979) A circular approach to cyclical data. Dept Math Stat Univ Orange Free State Technical Rept No. 45

    Google Scholar 

  • Driggers DP, O’Connor RJ, Kardatzke JT, Stup JL, Schiefer BS (1980) The U.S. army miniature solid state mosquito light trap. Mosquito News 40: 172-178

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton ER, Coker RS, Ballinger R (1986) Occurrence and seasonal incidence of mosquitoes on Indian reservations in Iowa, Nebraska and South Dakota during 1983. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 190-195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellman R, Maxwell C, Finch R, Shayo D (1998) Malaria and anaemia at different altitudes in the Muheza district of Tanzania: childhood morbidity in relation to level of exposure to infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 741-753

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elston R, Apperson C (1977) A light-activated on-off switch for the C.D.C. light trap. J Med Entomol 14: 254-255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans CL, Wozniak A, McKenna B, Vaughan DR, Dowda MC (2005) Design of a mosquito trap support pole for use with CDC miniature light traps. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 21: 114-116

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faye O, Diallo S, Gaye O, Ndir O, Faye O (1992) Efficacité comparée de l’utilisation des pièges lumineux du type CDC et des sujets humains pour l’échantillonnage des populations anophéliennes. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 85: 185-189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Floor TG, Grothaus RH (1971) Conversion of the New Jersey light trap for col-lecting live mosquitoes in Da Nang, Vietnam. Mosquito News 31: 221-222

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores-Mendoza C, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R (1996) Bionomics of Anopheles aq-uasalis Curry 1932, in Guarai, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil - I. Seasonal distribution and parity rates. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91: 265-270

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foley DH, Bryan JH (1991) Anopheles annulipes Walker (Diptera: Culicidae) at Griffith, New South Wales. 2. Biology and behaviour of two sibling species. J Aust Entomol Soc 30: 113-118

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontenille D, Rakotoarivony I (1988) Reappearance of Anopheles funestus as a malaria vector in the Antananarivo region, Madagascar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82: 644-645

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forattini OP, Gomes A de C, Natal D, Kakitani I, Marucci D (1987) Preferências alimentares de mosquitoes Culicidae no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil, Rev Saúde Pública 21: 171-187

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox I (1958) The mosquitoes of the international airport, isla verde, Puerto Rico, as shown by light traps. Mosquito News 18: 117-124

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox I, Capriles JM (1952) Light trap studies on mosquitoes and Culicoides in western Puerto Rico. Mosquito News 13: 165-166

    Google Scholar 

  • Frommer RL, Schiefer BA, Vavra RW (1976) Comparative effects of CO2 flow rates using modified CDC light traps on trapping adult black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Mosquito News 36: 355-358

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost SW (1952) Light traps for insect collection, survey and control. Bull Agric Exp Stn Pennsylvania 550

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost SW (1964) Killing agents and containers for use with insect light traps. En-tomol News 75: 163-166

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrett-Jones C, Magayuka S (1975) Studies on the natural incidence of Plasmodium and Wuchereria infections in Anopheles in rural East Africa: I—Assessment of densities by trapping hungry female Anopheles gambiae Giles; species A. WHO/MAL 75.851 & WHO/VBC 75.541 17 pp. (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibb PA, Anderson TJC, Dye C (1988) Are nulliparous sandflies light-shy? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82: 342-343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies MT, Wilkes TJ (1978) The effect of high fences on the dispersal of some West African mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull Entomol Res 68: 401-408

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg HS (1986) Dispersal patterns of Aedes sollicitans (Diptera: Culicidae) at the east end of the fire island national seashore, New York, USA. J Med Entomol 23: 146-155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg HS (1988) Survivorship of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) captured in CDC miniature light traps. Proc Ann Mtg New Jers Mosq Control Assoc 75: 86-92

    Google Scholar 

  • Githeko AK, Service MW, Mbogo CM, Atieli FA, Juma FO (1994) Sampling Anopheles arabiensis, A. gambiae sensu lato and A. funestus (Diptera: Culici-dae) with CDC light-traps near a rice irrigation area and a sugarcane belt in western Kenya. Bull Entomol Res 84: 319-324

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjullin CM, Brandl DG (1978) An automatic chemosterilizing insect light trap. J Med Entomol 14: 585-588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjullin CM, Brandl DG, O’Grady JJ (1973) The effect of colored lights and other factors on the numbers of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, C. tarsalis and Aedes sierrensis entering light traps. Mosquito News 33: 67-71

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith TH (1964) The visual system in insects. In Rockstein M (ed) The Physiology of Insecta, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London, pp. 397-462

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes A de C, Rabello EX, Natal D (1985) Uma nova cãmara coletora para ar-madilha CDC-miniatura. Rev Saúde Pública 19: 190-191

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon SW, Tammeriello RF, Linthicum KJ, Wirtz RA, Digoutte JP (1991) Feed-ing patterns of mosquitoes collected in the Senegal river basin. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 424-432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham JE, Bradley IE (1961) An evaluation of some techniques used to measure mosquito populations. Proc Utah Acad Sci Arts Letters 39: 77-83

    Google Scholar 

  • Green CH, Cosens D (1983) Spectral response of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. J Insect Physiol 29: 795-800

    Google Scholar 

  • Grothaus RH, Jackson SC (1972) A new bottom-draft light trap for mosquito stud-ies. Mosquito News 32: 634-635

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunasekaran K, Jambulingam P, Sadanandane C, Sahu SS, Das PK (1994) Reli-ability of light trap sampling for Anopheles fluviatilis, a vector of malaria. Acta Trop 58: 1-11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker CS, Scott DW, Thompson JR (1973a) Time series analysis of mosquito populations. J Med Entomol 10: 533-543

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker CS, Scott DW, Thompson JR (1973b) A forecasting model for mosquito population densities. J Med Entomol 10: 544-551

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker CS, Scott DW, Thompson JR (1975) A transfer function forecasting model for mosquito populations. Can Entomol 107: 243-249

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamon J, Sales S, Gayral P (1969) Evaluation de L’efficacité des Pièges Lumineux C.D.C. pour L’échantillonnage des Populations des Moustiques dans le Sud-ouest de la Haute-Volta, Afrique Occidentale. I. Evaluation des Pièges á L’interieur des Habitations.’ OCCGE Centre Muraz, Lab Entomol No. 18/Ent./69 (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han-Il Ree, Ui-Wook Hwang, In-Yong Lee, Tae-Eun Kim (2001) Daily survival and human blood index of Anopheles sinensis, the vector species of malaria in Korea. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 67-72

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson JC (1959) A new insect killing container for use with the American mos-quito light trap. California Vector Views 6: 85-87

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt DG, Cass LM (1958) A controlled-interval light trap for microlepidop-tera. Can Entomol 90: 617-622

    Google Scholar 

  • Haufe WO, Burgess L (1960) Design and efficiency of mosquito traps based on visual response to patterns. Can Entomol 92: 124-140

    Google Scholar 

  • Headlee TJ (1922) The problem of evaluating mosquito density and the advan-tages to be realised from its solution. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 9: 48-56

    Google Scholar 

  • Headlee TJ (1937) Some facts underlying the attraction of mosquitoes to sources of radiant energy. J Econ Entomol 30: 309-312

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmings RJ (1959) Observations on the operation of mosquito light traps with a cylindrical vertical screen. Mosquito News 19: 101

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks DE (1985) Portable electronic detector system used with inverted-cone sex pheromone traps to determine periodicity and moth captures. Environ Entomol 14: 199-204

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert EW, Meyer RP, Tubes PG (1972) A comparison of mosquito catches with CDC light traps and CO2-baited traps in the republic of Vietnam. Mosquito News 32: 212-214

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt PH, van der Linde TG de K, van Pletzen R, Kok DJ, Fourie S, Mostert DJ, Nel A (1982) Temporal fluctuations in the numbers of female mosquitoes trapped at a state in the western Orange Free State. J Entomol Soc Sthn Afr 45: 69-92

    Google Scholar 

  • Hii J, Chin KF, MacDonald M, Vun YS (1986) The use of CDC light traps for ma-lariometric entomology surveys in Sabah, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 3: 39-48

    Google Scholar 

  • Hii JLK, Birley MH, Kanai L, Foligeli A, Wagner J (1995) Comparative effects of permethrin-impregnated bednets and DDT house spraying on survival rates and oviposition interval of Anopheles farauti No. 1 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Solomon Islands. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 89: 521-529

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hii JLK, Smith T, Mai A, Ibam E, Alpers MP (2000) Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malria endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Bull Entomol Res 90: 211-219

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Highton RB (1981) The evaluation of CDC light traps and human bait collections for sampling Anopheles arabiensis Patton. M.Sc. thesis, University of Liverpool Hill MN (1970) Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak: studies on adult mosquito populations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 64: 489-496

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill RL (1977) Lamps for light-trapping. N.Z. Entomol 6: 314-315

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth JP, Hartstack AW, Lindquist DA (1968) Influence of near-ultra-violet output of attractant lamps on catches of insects by light traps. J Econ Entomol 61: 515-521

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub RE (1983) Modification of New Jersey light trap for multiple sample col-lection. Mosquito News 43: 241-242

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsfall WR (1943) Some responses of the malaria mosquito to light. Ann Ento-mol Soc Am 36: 41-45

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsfall WR (1962) Trap for separating collections of insects by interval. J Econ Entomol 55: 808-811

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu SMK, Grayston JT (1962) Encephalitis on Taiwan. II. Mosquito collection and bionomic studies. Am J Trop Med 11: 131-140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huffaker CB, Back RC (1943) A study of methods of sampling mosquito popula-tions. J Econ Entomol 36: 561-569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurlbut HS, Weitz B (1956) Some observations on the bionomics of the common mosquitoes of the Nile Delta. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5: 901-908

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Husbands RC, Reed DE (1970) A comparison of larval mosquito species occur-rence and light trap data. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 37: 101-108

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins RE (1940) Insect activity at a light trap during various periods of the night. J Econ Entomol 33: 654-657

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi M (1967) Ecological studies on mosquitoes collected by light traps. Trop Med 9: 186-200

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi M (1970) Observations on the physiological age of Culex tritaeniorhyn-chus collected by light traps. Jap J Sanit Zool 21: 209-212 (In Japanese, Eng-lish summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii T (1970) Seasonal abundance of mosquitoes in Kyoto prefecture in 1969. Ann Rep Kyoto Pref Inst Public Health 15: 1-18 (In Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • shii T (1971a) Seasonal prevalence of several species of mosquitoes caught in one light trap. Ann Rep Kyoto Pref Inst Public Health 16: 51-54 (In Japanese, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii T (1971b) Mosquito abundance surveyed with light trap: a comparison of op-eration for various numbers of nights a week (preliminary report). Ann Rep Kyoto Pref Inst Public Health 16: 55-62 (In Japanese, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii T (1971c) Mosquito abundance surveyed with light trap: A comparison of operation for various numbers of nights a week (preliminary report). Ann Rep Kyoto Pref Inst Public Health 16: 55-61

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail IAH, Pinichpongse S, Chitprarop V, Prasittisuk C, Schepens J (1982) Trials with CDC and Monks Wood light-traps for sampling malaria vectors in Thailand. WHO/VBC/82,864, 7 pp. (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Itô S (1964) Collection of mosquitoes by light traps at four stations of Nagasaki city. Endem Dis Bull Nagasaki Univ 6: 231-241

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaenson TGT, Niklasson B, Henriksson B (1986) Seasonal activity of mosquitoes in an Ockelbo disease endemic area in central Sweden. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 18-28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janousek TE, Olson JK (1994) Effect of a lunar eclipse on the flight activity of mosquitoes in the upper Gulf coast of Texas. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10: 222-224

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jewell D (1981) A security modification for the ‘American model’ mosquito light trap. Mosquito News 41: 183-184

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson BK, Gichogo A, Gitau G, Patel N, Ademba G, Kirui R, Highton RB, Smith DA (1981) Recovery of O’nyong-nyong virus from Anopheles funestus in western Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 75: 239-241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CG (1950) A suction trap for small airborne insects which automatically segregates the catch into successive hourly samples. Ann Appl Biol 37: 80-91

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston JG, Weaver JW, Sudia WD (1973) Flashlight batteries as a power source for CDC miniature light traps. Mosquito News 33: 190-194

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones RE, Barker-Hudson P, Kay BH (1991) Comparison of dry ice baited light traps with human bait collections for surveillance of mosquitoes in northern Queens-land, Australia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 387-394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, Anderson D (1976) Culex (Eumelanomyia) rubinotus Theobald as vector of Banzi. Germiston and Witwatersrand viruses. IV. Ob-servations on the biology of C. rubinotus. J Med Entomol 12: 647-651

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, Nevill EM (1980) A survey of the mosquito and Culi-coides faunas at two localities in the Karoo region of South Africa with some observations on bionomics. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 47: 1-6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalmus H (1958) Responses of insects to polarized light in the presence of dark reflecting surfaces. Nature 157: 512

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HC, Lee KW, Richards RS, Schleich SS, Herman WE, Klein TA (2003a) Seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes collected from light traps in Korea (1999-2000). Korean J Entomol 33: 9-16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HC, Friendly OS, Pike JG, Schuster AL, O’Guinn ML, Klein TA (2003) Sea-sonal prevalence of mosquitoes collected from light traps in the Republic of Korea, 2001. Korean J Entomol 33: 189-199

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimsey RB, Chaniotis BN (1984) A light trap for biting Nematocera in moist en-vironments. Mosquito News 44: 408-412, and correction slip, J Am Mosq Control Assoc (1985) 1: 114

    Google Scholar 

  • King EW, Pless CD, Reed JK (1965) An automatic sample-changing device for light-trap collecting. J Econ Entomol 58: 170-172

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitaoka S, Itô K (1964) Attractiveness of black light to biting midges and mosqui-toes. Jap J Sanit Zool 15: 208-209 (In Japanese, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovrov BG, Monchadskiy AS (1963) The possibility of using polarized light to attract insects. Entomol Rev Wash 42: 25-28

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper GP (1938) The magnitude of the sun, the stellar temperature scale, and bolometric corrections. Astrophys J 88: 429-471

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty AL, Murphy R (1948) An automatic device for changing daily the collec-tion receptacle on mechanical mosquito traps. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 35: 88-89

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang JT (1984) Intermittent light as a mosquito attractant in New Jersey light traps. Mosquito News 44: 217-220

    Google Scholar 

  • LaSalle MW, Dakin ME (1982) Dispersal of Culex salinarius in southwestern Louisiana. Mosquito News 42: 543-550

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis LA, Teller LW (1967) The use of fluorescent tubes in a modified New Jersey light trap. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 54: 163-170

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay SW, Wilkins HA, Zieler HA, Daly RJ, Petrarca V, Byass P (1991) Ability of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to transmit malaria during the dry and wet seasons in an area of irrigated rice cultivation in The Gambia. J Trop Med Hyg 94: 313-324

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njunwa KJ (1991) Monitoring human-bait mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tanzania with light-traps hung beside mosquito nets. Bull Entomol Res 81: 77-84

    Google Scholar 

  • Linley JR, Evans FDS (1968) A simple device to aid time-lapse studies with in-sects. Ann Entomol Soc Am 61: 775-777

    Google Scholar 

  • Linthicum KJ, Bailey CL, Davies FG, Kairo A (1985) Observations on the disper-sal and survival of a population of Aedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya. Bull Entomol Res 75: 661-670

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd JE, Pennington RG (1976) Mosquitoes collected in a CO2-baited CDC miniature light trap and a bovine-baited trap in Wyoming. Mosquito News 36: 457-459

    Google Scholar 

  • Loomis EC (1959a) Selective response of Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) to the Minnesota light trap. Mosquito News 19: 260-263

    Google Scholar 

  • Loomis EC (1959b) A method for more accurate determination of air volume dis-placement of light traps. J Econ Entomol 52: 343-345

    Google Scholar 

  • Loomis EC, Hanks SG (1959) Light trap indices of mosquito abundance: a com-parison of operation for four and seven nights a week. Mosquito News 19: 168-171

    Google Scholar 

  • Love GJ, Platt RB, Goodwin MH (1963). Observations on the spatial distribution of mosquitoes in south-western Georgia. Mosquito News 23: 13-22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludueña Almeida FF, Gorla DE (1995) Daily pattern of flight activity of Aedes albifasciatus in central Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90: 639-644

    Google Scholar 

  • MacCreary D (1941) Comparative density of mosquitoes at ground level and at an elevation of approximately one hundred feet. J Econ Entomol 34: 174-179

    Google Scholar 

  • Magy HI, Work TH, Thomas CV (1976) A reassessment of Culex pipiens as a po-tential St Louis encephalitis vector in Imperial county. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 44: 41-45

    Google Scholar 

  • Main AJ, Tonn RJ, Randall EJ, Anderson KS (1966) Mosquito densities at heights of five and twenty-five feet in southeastern Massachusetts. Mosquito News 26: 243-248

    Google Scholar 

  • Main AJ, Brown SE, Wallis RC (1979) Arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, II. California serogroup. Mosquito News 39: 552-559

    Google Scholar 

  • Malainual A, Chansang C, Thavara U, Phan-Urai P (1987) Time intervals and lo-cation of biting and flying activities of JE vectors. Bull Dept Med Sci 29: 103-111 (In Thai, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto BM, Maxfield HK (1985) A comparison of female Culiseta melanura captured in New Jersey and CDC light traps in southern Massachusetts. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1: 90-92

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell CA, Curtis CF, Haji H, Kisumku S, Thalib AI, Yahya SA (1990) Control of bancroftian filariasis by integrating therapy with vector control using poly-styrene beads in wet pit latrines. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 709-714

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mboera LEG, Kihonda J, Braks MAH, Knols BGJ (1998) Influence of Centers for Disease Control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 595-596

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mbogo CNM, Glass GE, Forster D, Kabiru EW, Githure JI, Ouma JH, Beier JC (1993) Evaluation of light traps for sampling anopheline mosquitoes in Kilfi, Kenya. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 260-263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald G (1980) Population studies of Culex annulirostris Skuse and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at Mildura in the Murray Valley of southern Australia. J Aust Ent Soc 19: 37-40

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald JL (1970) A simple, inexpensive alcohol light trap for collecting Culi-coides. Mosquito News 30: 652-654

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald JL, Savage LB (1973) Seasonal abundance of mosquito larval counts and adult light trap catches in Okinawa. Mosquito News 33: 105-107

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald JL, Granger J, Olton GS (1974) A mosquito light-trap stabilizer. Mos-quito News 34: 234

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald WA, Naseir A, Fulmer AC, Ryan JM (1964) DDVP as a killing agent in New Jersey light trap. Mosquito News 24: 225

    Google Scholar 

  • McGeachie WJ (1988) A remote sensing method for the estimation of light-trap efficiency. Bull Entomol Res 78: 379-385

    Google Scholar 

  • McGeachie WJ (1989) The effects of moonlight illuminance, temperature and wind-speed on light-trap catches of moths. Bull Entomol Res 79: 185-192

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin RE, Focks DA (1990) Effects of cattle density on New Jersey light trap mosquito captures in the rice/cattle agroecosystem of southwestern Louisiana. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6: 283-286

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer RP, Washino RK, McKenzie TL, Fukushima CK (1984) Comparison of three methods for collecting adult mosquitoes associated with rice field irri-gated pasture habitats in northern California. Mosquito News 44: 315-320

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer RP, Reisen WK, Eberle MW, Milby MM, Martinez VM, Hill BR (1984) A time segregated sampling device for determining nightly host-seeking pat-terns. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 52: 162-166

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers EG (1959) Mosquito collections by light traps at various heights above ground. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 27: 61-63

    Google Scholar 

  • Milby MM, Reeves WC (1986) Changes in the relative abundance of Aedes nigromaculis, Aedes melanimon and Culex tarsalis in the central valley of California. Proc Conf California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 54: 96-100

    Google Scholar 

  • Milby MM, Reeves WC (1989) Comparison of New Jersey light-traps and CO2-baited traps in urban and rural areas. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 57: 73-79

    Google Scholar 

  • Milby MM, Kauffman EE, Harvey JF (1978) Conversion of CDC light trap indices to New Jersey light trap indices for several species of Californian mosquitoes. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 46: 58-60

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA, Stryker RG, Wilkinson RN, Esah S (1969) Notes on the use of CO2-baited CDC miniature light traps for mosquito surveillance in Thailand. Mos-quito News 29: 688-689

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA, Stryker RG, Wilkinson RN, Esah S (1970) The influence of moonlight and other environmental factors on the abundance of certain mosquito species in light-trap collections in Thailand. J Med Entomol 7: 555-561

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA, Stryker RG, Wilkinson RN, Esah S (1977) The influence of time and frequency of collection on the abundance of certain mosquito species in light-trap collections in Thailand. J Med Entomol 14: 60-63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell L (1982) Time-segregated mosquito collections with a CDC miniature light trap. Mosquito News 42: 12-18

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell L, Rockett CL (1979) Vertical stratification preferences of adult female mosquitoes in a sylvan habitat (Diptera: Culicidae). Great Lakes Entomol 12: 219-223

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore A, Miller JR, Tabashnik BE, Gage SH (1986) Automated identification of flying insects by analysis of wingbeat frequencies. J Econ Entomol 79: 1703-1706

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulhern TD (1934) A new development in mosquito traps. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 21: 137-140

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulhern TD (1942) New Jersey Mechanical Trap for Mosquito Surveys. New Jers Agric Exp Stn Circ 421

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulhern TD (1953a) Better results with mosquito light traps through standardiz-ing mechanical performance. Mosquito News 13: 130-133

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulhern TD (1953b) The use of mechanical traps in measuring mosquito popula-tions. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 21: 64-66

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan FS, Schaefer CH (1982) A physical barrier for controlling mosquitoes which breed in urban storm drains. Mosquito News 42: 360-365

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphey FJ, Darsie RF (1962) A mechanical aspirator for collecting adult mos-quitoes. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 49: 115-117

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy MW, Dunton RF, Perich MJ, Rowley WA (2001) Attraction of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) to volatile chemicals in western Kenya. J Med Entomol 38: 242-244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel RH, Granovsky PA (1947) A turntable light trap for taking insects over regulated periods. J Econ Entomol 40: 583-586

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasci RS, Edman JD (1981) Vertical and temporal flight activity of the mosquito Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae) in southwestern Massachusetts. J Med Entomol 18: 501-504

    Google Scholar 

  • Natuhara Y, Takagi M, Maruyama K, Sugiyama A (1991) Monitoring Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance in cow sheds by in situ counting. J Med Entomol 28: 551-552

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neeru Singh, Mishra AK, Curtis CF, Sharma VP (1996) Influence of moonlight on light-trap catches of the malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) in central India. Bull Entomol Res 86: 475-479

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RL, Milby MM, Reeves WC, Fine PE (1978) Estimates of survival, population size, and emergence of Culex tarsalis at an isolated site. Ann Entomol Soc Am 71: 801-808

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen ET, Nielsen AT (1953) Field observations on the habits of Aedes taenio-rhynchus. Ecology 34: 141-156

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen SA, Siewertz-Poulsen KE, Nielsen BO (1980) A time-sorting insect light-trap. Entomol Meddr 48: 29-32

    Google Scholar 

  • Odetoyinbo JA (1969) Preliminary investigation on the use of a light-trap for sampling malaria vectors in The Gambia. Bull World Health Organ 40: 547-560

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson JG, Reeves WC, Emmons RW, Milby MM (1979) Correlation of Culex tar-salis population indices with the incidence of St. Louis encephalitis and west-ern equine encephalomyelitis in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 335-343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson JG, Atmosoedjono S, Lee VH, Ksiazek TG (1983) Correlation between population indices of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus (Diptera: Culi-cidae) and rainfall in Kapuk, Indonesia. J Med Entomol 20: 108-109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson JK, Elbel RE, Smart KI (1968) Mosquito collections by CDC miniature light traps and livestock-baited stable traps at Callao, Utah. Mosquito News 28: 512-516

    Google Scholar 

  • Onishi A (1959) Influence of moonlight on mosquito collection with the light trap. Shikoku Acta Med 15: 1993-1998 (In Japanese, English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagac BB, Turell MJ, Olsen GH (1992) Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and Culiseta melanura activity at the Patuxent wildlife research center, 1985-90. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 8: 328-330

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pajot F-X, Le Pont F, Molez J-F (1977) Utilisation des pièges lumineux “C.D.C. miniature light trap” comme moyen d’énchantillonnage des populations ano-phèlienes dans une village du littoral de la Guyane françiase. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 15: 233-240

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons RE, Champion E, Wilson F (1981) An inexpensive support rod for the CDC light trap collecting bag. Mosquito News 41: 796-797

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne CD (1987) The GLIM System Release 3.77 Manual. 2nd ed. Numerical Al-gorithms Group Ltd, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennnington NE (1967) Comparison of DDVP and cyanide as killing agents in mosquito light traps. J Med Entomol 4: 518

    Google Scholar 

  • Perich MJ, Tidwell MA, Dobson SE, Sardelis MR, Zaglul A, Williams DC (1993) Barrier spraying to control the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus: labora-tory and field evaluation in the Dominican Republic. Med Vet Entomol 7: 363-368

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfuntner AR (1979) A modified CO2-baited miniature surveillance trap. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 4: 31-35

    Google Scholar 

  • Philogène BJ (1982) Experiments with artificial light: necessity for properly identifying the source. Can Entomol 114: 377-379

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickens LG (1991) Colorimetric versus behavioral studies of face fly (Diptera: Muscidae) vision. Environ Entomol 19: 1242-1252

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickens LG, Carroll JF, Azad AF (1987) Electrophysiological studies of the spectral sensitivities of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, and oriental rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis to monochromatic light. Entomol Exp Appl 45: 193-204

    Google Scholar 

  • Pincus S (1938) Mosquito control in greater New York. Proc New Jers Mosq Ex-term Assoc 25: 115-121

    Google Scholar 

  • Pippin WF (1965) Notes on the operation of a light trap in central Luzon, Philip-pine islands. Mosquito News 25: 183-187

    Google Scholar 

  • Platt RB, Love GJ, Williams EL (1958) A positive correlation between relative humidity and the distribution and abundance of Aedes vexans. Ecology 39: 167-169

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter CH, Gojmerac WL (1970) Temperature; its influence on light trap catches of Aedes vexans (Meigen). Mosquito News 30: 54-56

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt HD (1944) Studies on the comparative attractiveness of 25-, 50- and 100-watt bulbs for Puerto Rican Anopheles. Mosquito News 4: 17-18

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt HD (1948) Influence of the moon on light trap collections of Anopheles al-bimanus in Puerto Rico. J Natn Malar Soc 7: 212-220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preiss FJ, Barefoot HL, Stryker RG, Young WW (1970) Effectiveness of DDVP as a killing agent in mosquito killing jars. Mosquito News 30: 417-419

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard AE, Pratt HD (1944) I. A comparison of light trap and animal trap anopheline mosquito collections in Puerto Rico. II. A list of the mosquitoes of Puerto Rico. Public Health Rep Wash 59: 221-233

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost MW (1952) The dispersal of Aedes taeniorhynchus. I. Preliminary studies. Mosquito News 12: 174-190

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost MW (1957) The dispersal of Aedes taeniorhynchus. II. The second ex-periment. Mosquito News 17: 233-247

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost MW (1958) Mating and Swarming in Psorophora Mosquitoes. Proc Int Congr Entomol Xth (1956), Vol. 2, 553-561

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost MW (1959) The influence of moonlight on light-trap catches of mosqui-toes. Ann Entomol Soc Am 52: 261-271

    Google Scholar 

  • Ree HI, Self LS, Hong HK, Lee KW (1973) Mosquito light trap surveys in Korea 1969-1971. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 4: 382-386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves WC (1968) A review of the development associated with the control of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis in California during 1967. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 36: 65-70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reisen WK, Pfuntner AR (1987) Effectiveness of five methods for sampling adult Culex mosquitoes in rural and urban habitats in San Bernardino county, California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 3: 601-606

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisen WK, Milby MM, Meyer RP, Reeves WC (1983) Population ecology of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a foothill environment in Kern county, California: Temporal changes in male relative abundance and swarming behavior. Ann Entomol Soc Am 76: 809-815

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Meyer RP (1997) Time of host-seeking by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J Med Entomol 34: 430-437

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisen WK, Boyce K, Cummings RC, Delgado O, Gutierrez A, Meyer RP, Scott TW (1999) Comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15: 24-31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisen WK, Eldridge BF, Scott TW, Gutierrez A, Takahashi R, Lorenzen K, DeBenedictis J, Boyce K, Swartzell R (2002) Comparison of dry ice-baited Centers for Disease Control and New Jersey light traps for measuring mos-quito abundance in California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 158-163

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter P (1983) A portable, battery-powered trap for collecting gravid Culex mos-quitoes. Mosquito News 43: 496-498

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter P (1987) A revised version of the CDC gravid mosquito trap. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 3: 325-327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribbands CR (1945) Moonlight and house-haunting habits of female Anopheles in West Africa. Bull Entomol Res 36: 395-415

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts FC, Conner GE (1979) Use of a mathematical model to predict levels of adult Culex pipiens in Almeda county. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 47: 114-115

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts RH (1965) A steer-baited trap for sampling insects affecting cattle. Mos-quito News 25: 281-285

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HS, Robinson PJM (1950) Some notes on the observed behaviour of Lepidoptera in flight in the vicinity of light-sources together with a descrip-tion of a light-trap designed to take entomological samples. Entomol Gaz 1: 3-20

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez AD, Rodriguez MH, Hernandez JE, Dister SW, Beck LR, Rejmankova E, Roberts DR (1996) Landscape surrounding human settlements and Anophe-les albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance in southern Chiapas, Mexico. J Med Entomol 33: 39-48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roeder KD (1953) Insect Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohe DL, Fall RP (1979) A miniature battery powered CO2 baited light trap for mosquito borne encephalitis surveillance. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 4: 24-27

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross D, Service MW (1979) A modified Monks Wood light trap incorporating a flashing light. Mosquito News 39: 610-616

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio-Palis Y (1992) Influence of moonlight on light trap catches of the malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari in Venezuela. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 8: 178-180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubio-Palis Y, Curtis CF (1992) Evaluation of different methods of catching anopheline mosquitoes in western Venezuela. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 8: 261-267

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudolfs W (1922) Chemotropism of mosquitoes. Bull New Jers Agric Exp Stn No. 367, 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupp HR, Jobbins DM (1969) Equipment for mosquito surveys: two recent devel-opments. Proc New Jers Mosq Exterm Assoc 56: 183-188

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PA, Martin L, Mackenzie JS, Kay BH (1997) Investigation of gray-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) and mosquitoes in the ecology of Ross River virus in Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 476-482

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadanandane C, Jambulingam P, Subramanian S (2004) Role of modified CDC miniature light-traps as an alternative method for sampling adult anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) in the National Mosquito Surveillance Programme in India. Bull Entomol Res 94: 55-63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoski CA, Meisch MV, Case DA, Olson JK (1983) Effects of collection and handling techniques on riceland mosquitoes used in laboratory and field insec-ticide susceptibility tests. Mosquito News 43: 445-448

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos De Marco T, Gaia MC de M, Brazil RP (2002) Influence of the lunar cycle on the activity of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 114-118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Self LS, Shin HK, Kim KH, Lee KW, Chow CY, Hong HK (1973) Ecological studies on Culex tritaeniorhynchus as a vector of Japanese encephalitis. Bull World Health Organ 49: 41-47

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Self LS, Usman S, Nelson MJ, Saroso JS, Pant CP, Fanara DM (1976) Ecological studies on vectors of malaria, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis in rural areas of West Java. Bull Penel Keseh Health Std Indonesia 4: 41-55

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1969) The use of traps in sampling mosquito populations. Entomol Exp Appl 12: 403-412

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1970) A battery-operated light-trap for sampling mosquito popula-tions, Bull World Health Organ 43: 635-641

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1971) Flight periodicities and vertical distribution of Aedes cantans (Mg.), Ae. geniculatus (Ol.), Anopheles plumbeus Steph. and Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern England. Bull Entomol Res 61: 639-651

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1976) Contribution to the knowledge of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culi-cidae) of Gabon. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 14: 259-263

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1979) Light trap collections of ovipositing Simulium squamosum in Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 73: 487-490

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1993) Mosquito Ecology. Field Sampling Methods. 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW, Boorman JPT (1965) An appraisal of adult mosquito trapping tech-niques used in Nigeria, West Africa. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd 3 & 4: 27-33

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW, Highton RB (1980) A chemical light trap for mosquitoes and other biting insects. J Med Entomol 17: 183-185

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton JD, Hobbs JH, St. JeanYJacquesJR (1986) Comparison of an experi-mental updraft ultraviolet light trap with the CDC miniature light trap and bit-ing collections in sampling for Anopheles albimanus in Haiti. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 168-173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shidrawi GR, Clarke JL, Boulzaguet JR (1973) Assessment of the CDC miniature light trap for sampling malaria vectors in Garki district, northern Nigeria. World Health Organization. Technical Note, No. 11, MPD/TN/73.1, 44-9 (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiff CJ, Minjas JN, Hall T, Hunt RH, Lyimo S, Davis JR (1995) Malaria infection potential of anopheline mosquitoes sampled by light trapping indoors in coastal Tanzanian villages. Med Vet Entomol 9: 256-262

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sholdt LL, Neri P, Seibert DJ (1974) Flashlight body and timer unit for powering CDC light traps. Mosquito News 34: 237-238

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddorn JW, Brown ES (1971) A Robinson light trap modified for segregating samples at predetermined time intervals, with notes on the effect of moonlight on the periodicity of catching insects. J Appl Ecol 8: 69-75

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvain J-F, Pajot F-X (1981) Écologie d’Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis Curry, 1932 en Guyane Française. 1. Dynamique des populations imaginales. Caractérisation des gîtes larvaires. Cah ORSTOM sér Entomol Méd Parasitol 19: 11-21

    Google Scholar 

  • Simsek FM (2004) Seasonal larval and adult population dynamics and breeding habitat diversity of Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Golbasi District, Ankara, Turkey. Turkish J Zool 28: 337-344

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh N, Mishra AK, Singh OP (1993) Preliminary observations on mosquito col-lections by light traps in tribal villages of Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Malariol 30: 103-107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siverly RE, DeFoliart GR (1968) Mosquito studies in Northern Wisconsin II. Light trapping studies. Mosquito News 28: 162-167

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith T (1995) Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 11: 377-378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Somboon P, Choochote W, Khamboonruang C, Keha P, Suwanphanit P, Sukonta-san K, Chaivong P (1989) Studies on the Japanese encephalitis vectors in Amphoe Muang, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 20: 9-17

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Southwood TRE, Henderson PA (2000) Ecological Methods. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Srihongse S, Grayson MA, Bosler EM (1979) California encephalitis complex virus isolations from mosquitoes collected in northeastern New York, 1976-1977. Mosquito News 39: 73-76

    Google Scholar 

  • Srihongse S, Woodhall JP, Grayson MA, Weibel R (1980) Arboviruses in New York state: surveillance in arthropods and nonhuman vertebrates, 1972-1977. Mosquito News 40: 269-276

    Google Scholar 

  • Standfast HA (1965) A miniature light trap which automatically segregates the catch into hourly samples. Mosquito News 25: 48-53

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland RE (1967) Insect suction trap for collecting segregated samples in a liquid. J Agric Engineerig Res 12: 319-321

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickman D, Miller ME, Heung-Chul Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee (2000) Mosquito surveillance in the demilitarized zone, Republic of Korea, during an outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria in 1996 and 1997. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16: 100-113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sudia WD, Chamberlain RW (1962) Battery-operated light trap, an improved model. Mosquito News 22: 126-129

    Google Scholar 

  • Suleman M, Reisen WK, Aslamkhan M (1977) Observations on the time of attrac-tion of some Pakistan mosquitoes to light traps. Mosquito News 37: 531-533

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun WKC (1962) A study of the seasonal succession of some medically important insects in the Taipei area. Biol Bull Tunghai Univ Taichung Taiwan 10: 1-19

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun WKC (1964) The seasonal succession of mosquitoes in Taiwan. J Med Entomol 1: 277-284

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Syms PR, Goodman LJ (1987) The effect of flickering U-V light output on the attractiveness of an insect electrocutor trap to the house-fly. Musca domestica. Entomol Exp Appl 43: 81-85

    Google Scholar 

  • Takagi M, Tsuda Y, Wada Y, Takafuji A (1995) Decrease of vector mosquitoes of bancroftian filariasis in a village on Fukue island, Nagasaki, southwestern apan. Trop Med (Nagasaki) 37: 159-163

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarry DW, Kirkwood AC, Herbert VCN (1971) The response to ‘black-light’ ra-diation of some common flies of economic importance. Entomol Exp Appl 14: 23-29

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor J, Padgham DE, Perfect TJ (1982) A light-trap with upwardly directed illumi-nation and temporal segregation of the catch. Bull Entomol Res 72: 669-673

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor LR (1951) An improved suction trap for insects. Ann Appl Biol 38: 582-591

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor LR, Brown ES (1972) Effects of light-trap design and illumination on samples of moths in the Kenya highlands. Bull Entomol Res 62: 91-112

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor RT, Solis M, Weathers DB, Taylor JW (1975) A prospective study of the effects of ultralow (ULV) aerial applications of malathion on epidemic Plas-modium falciparum malaria. II. Entomologic and operational aspects. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 188-193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas A, Spiegelhalter DJ, Gilks WR (1992) BUGS: a program to perform Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling. In: Bernardo JM, Berger JO, David AP, Smith AFM (eds) Bayesian Statistics Volume 4. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 837-842

    Google Scholar 

  • Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Sylla R, Fall A, Mondo M, Fontenille D (1998) Yellow fever outbreak in Kaffrine, Senegal 1996: epidemiological and ento-mological findings. Trop Med Int Health 3: 872-877

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D (1999) Epidémies à virus Chikungunya en 1996 et 1997 au Sénégal. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 92: 79-82

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thurman DC, Thurman EB (1955) Report of the initial operation of a light trap in northern Thailand. Mosquito News 15: 218-224

    Google Scholar 

  • Townes H (1962) Design for a Malaise trap. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 64: 253-262

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner EC, Earp UF (1968) A timing device for direct current New Jersey light traps. Mosquito News 28: 75-76

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulloa A, Rodriguez MH, Rodriguez AD, Roberts DR (1997) A comparison of two collection methods for estimating abundance and parity of Anopheles albi-manus in breeding sites and villages of southern Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13: 238-244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Upton MS (1973a) Collecting lamps—a warning. Aust Entomol Soc News Bull 9: 17 Upton MS (1973b) Collecting lamps—a further note. Aust Entomol Soc News Bull 10: 57-58

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaidyanathan R, Edman JD (1997a) Sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern Mas-sachusetts. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13: 348-355

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaidyanathan R, Edman JD (1997b) Sampling methods for potential epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in Massachusetts. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13: 342-347

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Hurk AF, Beebe NW, Ritchie SA (1997) Responses of mosquitoes of the Anopheles farauti complex to 1-octen-3-ol and light in combination with car-bon dioxide in northern Queensland, australia. Med Vet Entomol 11: 177-180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Essen PHA, Kemme JA, Ritchie SA, Kay BH (1994) Differential responses of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes to octenol or light in combination with carbon dioxide in Queensland, Australia. Med Vet Entomol 8: 63-67

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vavra RW, Carestia RR, Frommer RL, Gerberg EJ (1974a) Field evaluation of al-ternative light sources as mosquito attractants in the Panama Canal zone. Mosquito News 34: 382-384

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavra RW, Frommer RL, Carestia RR, Harding FL, Linehan DD (1974b) Field evaluation of chemical, radioactive and blinking light sources as mosquito at-tractants. Proc California Mosq Control Assoc 42: 93-95

    Google Scholar 

  • Venables WN, Ripley BD (1994) Modern Applied Statistics with S-plus. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Vervent G, Coz J (1969) Contribution à L’étude des Pièges Lumineux Comme Moyen de Capture des Anopheles. OCCGE Centre Muraz, Lab Entomol No. 482/69; 9 pp. (mimeographed)

    Google Scholar 

  • von Frisch K (1950) Perception of polarized light by insects. Experimentia 6: 210-221

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner RE, Barnes MM, Ford GM (1969) A battery-operated timer and power supply for insect light traps. J Econ Entomol 62: 575-578

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker AR, Boreham PFL (1976) Saline as a collecting medium for Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in blood feeding and other studies. Mosquito News 36: 18-20

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters LL, Smith TA (1980) Bio-ecological studies of Culex mosquitoes in a fo-cus of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission (New River Basin, Imperial Valley, California), I. Larval ecology and trends of adult dispersal. Mosquito News 40: 227-235

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterman TH (1951) Polarized light and orientation by insects. Trans NY Acad Sci 14: 11-14

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb JP, Work TH, McAndrews TP, Jacobson D (1977) A preliminary compara-tive study of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from the New River, Imperial Valley, California. Proc California Mosq Vector Control Assoc 45: 16-17

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegbreit J, Reisen WK (2000) Relationships among weather, mosquito abun-dance, and encephalitis virus activity in California: Kern County 1990-98. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16: 22-27

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wellington WG (1974) Change in mosquito flight associated with natural changes in polarized light. Can Entomol 106: 941-948

    Google Scholar 

  • West HW, Cashman DL (1985) New Jersey light trap modification to extend bulb life. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1: 378-379

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wharton RH, Eyles DE, Warren McW (1963) The development of methods for trapping the vectors of monkey malaria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 57: 32-46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White EG (1964) A design for the effective killing of insects caught in light traps. N.Z. Entomol 3: 25-27

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieser-Schimpf L, Foil LD, Holbrook FR (1991) Effect of carbon dioxide on the collection of adult Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) by a new modifica-tion of black light New Jersey light traps. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 462-466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams CB (1935) The times of activity of certain nocturnal insects, chiefly Lepidoptera, as indicated by a light trap. Trans R Ent Soc Lond (A) 83: 523-555

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilton DP (1975a) Mosquito collections in El Salvador with ultra-violet and CDC miniature light traps with and without dry ice. Mosquito News 35: 522-525

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilton DP (1975b) Field evaluation of three types of light traps for collection of Anopheles albimanus Wiedeman (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 12: 382-386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilton DP, Fay RW (1972a) Air flow direction and velocity in light trap design. Entomol Exp Appl 15: 377-386

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilton DP, Fay RW (1972b) Responses of adult Anopheles stephensi to light of various wavelengths. J Med Entomol 9: 301-304

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wishart E (1999) Adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and virus survey in metro-politan Melbourne and surrounding areas. Aust J Entomol 38: 310-313

    Google Scholar 

  • Wishart E (2002) Species composition and population studies of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Mildura district in the Murray Valley of southern Australia. Aust J Entomol 41: 45-48

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong YW, Rowley WA, Dorsey DC, Hausler WJ (1978) Surveillance of arbovi-rus activity in Iowa during 1972-1975. Mosquito News 38: 245-251

    Google Scholar 

  • Young S, David CT, Gibson G (1987) Light measurement for entomology in the field and laboratory. Physiol Entomol 12: 373-379

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaim M, Ershadi MRY, Manouchehri AV, Hamdi MR (1986) The use of CDC light traps and other procedures for sampling malaria vectors in southern Iran. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 511-515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong H, Yan ZC, Jones F, Brock C (2003) Ecological analysis of mosquito light trap collections from West Central Florida. Environ Entomol 32: 807-815

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman JH, Abbassy MM, Hanafi HA, Beier JC, Dees WH (1988) Host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a rural village near Cairo, Egypt. J Med Entomol 25: 410-412

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zyzak M, Loyless T, Cope S, Wooster M, Day JF (2002) Seasonal abundance of Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Culex salinarius Coquillett in north Florida, USA. J Vector Ecol 27: 155-162

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2008). Sampling Adults with Light-Traps. In: Mosquito Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6666-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics