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Basic Neuroanatomy for the Neurointensivist

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Textbook of Neurointensive Care

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Abstract

The goal of this chapter is to provide information not only about the anatomy of the brain that comprises neural, arterial, and venous structures but also to establish their functional and, at some extent, radiological correlations, to enable the neurointensive care unit staff to (1) perform a concise but precise neurologic examination and be able to establish the anatomic diagnosis; (2) understand the major vascular (arterial and venous) territories of the brain and correlate them with the neurological and radiological findings (computed tomography (CT), angiography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)); (3) understand the anatomical localization, the risks, and the potential neurologic complications of the most commonly used intracranial neurosurgical procedures; and (4) establish the prevention or early detection and treatment of those complications.

The topics covered in this chapter are the sulci and gyri of the lateral, basal, and medial surfaces of the cerebrum; sylvian fissure, insula, lateral ventricles, foramen of Monro, internal capsule, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, choroidal fissure, anterior perforated substance, and third ventricle; the middle, posterior, and anterior cerebral arteries and their supply territories; major veins of the superficial and deep venous system of the cerebrum; the contents of the posterior fossa (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, fourth ventricle, cerebellum, and the spinal cord); the basilar and the vertebral arteries; the superior, anterior inferior, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries and their supply territories; the galenic, petrosal, and tentorial venous draining systems and major clinical brainstem syndromes; and the cranial nerves and the major sensory and motor pathways.

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Acknowledgment

We want to acknowledge that Dr. Antônio CM Mussi was a coauthor on the previous edition of this chapter. This first edition chapter served as inspiration for this second edition chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Conselheiro Brotero, 1505, cj. 52, Higienopolis, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01232-010, Brazil

    Hung Tzu Wen MD

  2. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 100265, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Albert L. Rhoton Jr. MD

Authors
  1. Hung Tzu Wen MD
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  2. Albert L. Rhoton Jr. MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Albert L. Rhoton Jr. MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA

    A Joseph Layon

  2. Departments of Anesthesiology & Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Andrea Gabrielli

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    William A. Friedman

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Wen, H.T., Rhoton, A.L. (2013). Basic Neuroanatomy for the Neurointensivist. In: Layon, A., Gabrielli, A., Friedman, W. (eds) Textbook of Neurointensive Care. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5226-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5226-2_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5225-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5226-2

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