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Biosynthesis and Function of ß 1,6 Branched Mucin-Type Glycans

  • Chapter
The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates —2

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 491))

Abstract

The contribution of carbohydrate structure to biomolecular, cellular, and organismal function is well-established, but has not yet received the attention it deserves, perhaps due to the complexity of the structures involved and to a lack of simple experimental methods for relating structure and function. In particular, β1,6 GlcNAc branching plays a key functional role in processes ranging from inflammation and immune system function to tumor cell metastasis. For instance, synthesis of the core 2 β1,6 branched structure in the mucin glycan chain by C2GnT enables the expression of functional structures at the termini of polylactosamine chains, such as blood group antigens and sialyl Lewis x. Also, IGnT can create multiple branches on the polylactosamine chain, which may serve as a mechanism for amplifying the functional potency of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. The family of enzymes which creates β1,6 branched structure in mucin glycans is proving to be quite complex, since multiple isoforms appear to exist for these enzymes, and some of the enzymes are adept at forming more than one type of β1,6 branched structure, as in the case ofC2GnT-M. Furthermore, the enzymes do not appear to be restricted to acting on mucin-type acceptor structures, but are able to act on glycolipid structures as well. Much remains to be learned regarding the specific biological niche filled by each of these enzymes and how their activities complement one another, as well as the manner in which the activities of these enzymes are regulated in the cell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, NE, 68198-4525, USA

    Paul V. Beum & Pi-Wan Cheng

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  1. Paul V. Beum
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  2. Pi-Wan Cheng
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  1. Glyco Research Laboratory Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences and Natural Products, College of Medicine Chang-Gung University, Kwei-san, Tay-yuan, Taiwan

    Albert M. Wu

  2. Tao-yuan, 333, Taiwan

    Albert M. Wu

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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Beum, P.V., Cheng, PW. (2001). Biosynthesis and Function of ß 1,6 Branched Mucin-Type Glycans. In: Wu, A.M. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates —2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 491. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1267-7

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