Abstract
Many real-world problems are multimodal, which renders an optimization problem difficult to solve. Local search methods, i.e., methods that greedily improve solutions based on search in the neighborhood of a solution, often only find an arbitrary local optimum that is not guaranteed to be the global one.
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Notes
- 1.
\({\mathcal {N}}(m,\sigma ^2)\) represents a randomly drawn Gaussian distributed number with expectation value \(m\) and standard deviation \(\sigma \).
- 2.
i.e., high values w.r.t. the data structure.
- 3.
The index \(j\) denotes the index of the \(j\)-th ranked individual of the \(\lambda \) offspring individuals w.r.t. an increasing sorting based on fitness \(f({\mathbf {x}}_j)\).
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Kramer, O. (2014). Evolution Strategies. In: A Brief Introduction to Continuous Evolutionary Optimization. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03422-5_2
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