Abstract
Although often implicit, semiotics plays an integral role in understanding the way in which social identities can be used to promote reconciliation or encourage conflicts among groups. By integrating the theoretical frameworks of Social Representation Theory and the Dialogical Self with Social Identity Theory, we can better understand the process by which new social identities are created or old social identities persist in creating division in societies. This approach can be applied to analyze the effectiveness of the promotion of a superordinate Rwandan identity in post-Genocide Rwanda over the divisive identities of Tutsi and Hutu. It can also be applied to Northern Ireland, where signs as subtle as the color of flowers in your garden can be strong indicator of your identity as a Protestant or Catholic.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bakhtin, M. (1993). Problems of Dostoevsky’s poetics (C. Emerson, Trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Coakley, L. (2014). Racialised inequality, anti-racist strategies and the workings of the ‘dialogical self’: A case study in the shifting construction of migrant identity in Ireland. Irish Journal of Sociology, 22(1), 51–66.
Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Ann Arbor, MI: Psychology Press.
Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., & Bachman, B. A. (1996). Revisiting the contact hypothesis: The induction of a common ingroup identity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(3), 271–290.
Hermans, H. J. M. (1996). Voicing the self: From information processing to dialogical interchange. Psychological Bulletin, 119(1), 31–50.
Hermans, H. J. M. (2001a). Conceptions of the self and identity: Toward a dialogical view. International Journal of Education and Religion, 2(1), 43–62.
Hermans, H. J. M. (2001b). The dialogical self: Toward a theory of personal and cultural positioning. Culture & Psychology, 7(3), 243–281.
Hermans, H. J. M. (2012). Dialogical self-theory and the increasing multiplicity of I-positions in a globalizing society: An introduction. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2012(137), 1–21.
Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Willis, H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575–604.
Howarth, C. (2007). “It’s not their fault that they have that colour skin, is it?” Young British children and the possibilities for contesting racializing representations. In G. Moloney & I. Walker (Eds.), Social representations and identity: Content, process and power (pp. 131–156). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). London: Macmillan.
Kelman, H. (2001). The role of national identity in conflict resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian problem-solving workshops. In R. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim, & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict education (pp. 187–212). New York: Oxford University Press.
Liu, J. H., & László, J. (2007). A narrative theory of history and identity: Social identity, social representations, society and the individual. In G. Moloney & I. Walker (Eds.), Social representations and identity: Content, process and power (pp. 85–107). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Markova, I. (2003). Dialogicality and social representations: The dynamics of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Markova, I. (2006). AmEdEe or how to get rid of it: Social representations from a dialogical perspective. Culture & Psychology, 6(4), 419–460.
Moeschberger, S. L. (2014). Heritage or hate: The Confederate flag and current race relations in the USA. In S. L. Moeschberger & R. A. Phillips DeZalia (Eds.), Symbols that bind, symbols that divide: The semiotics of peace and conflict (pp. 207–218). New York: Springer.
Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8(3), 211–250.
Moscovici, S. (2001). The phenomenon of social representations. In S. Moscovici & G. Duveen (Eds.), Social representations: Explorations in social psychology (pp. 18–77). New York: New York University Press.
Phillips DeZalia, R. A. (2011). Social representations of reconciliation. In D. Christie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of peace psychology. Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken.
Phillips DeZalia, R. A. (2014). Being Rwandan: The use of language, history, and identity in post-genocide Rwanda. In S. L. Moeschberger & R. A. Phillips DeZalia (Eds.), Symbols that bind, symbols that divide: The semiotics of peace and conflict (pp. 157–180). New York: Springer.
Phillips DeZalia, R. A., & Moeschberger, S. L. (2014). The function of symbols that bind and divide. In S. L. Moeschberger & R. A. Phillips DeZalia (Eds.), Symbols that bind, symbols that divide: The semiotics of peace and conflict (pp. 1–12). New York: Springer.
Psaltis, C., Beydola, T., Filippou, G., & Vrachimis, N. (2014). Contested symbols as social representations: The case of Cyprus. In S. L. Moeschberger & R. A. Phillips DeZalia (Eds.), Symbols that bind, symbols that divide: The semiotics of peace and conflict (pp. 61–89). New York: Springer.
Staub, E. (2001). Individual and group identities in genocide and mass killing. In R. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim, & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (pp. 159–186). New York: Oxford University Press.
Valsiner, J. (2002). Forms of dialogical relations and semiotic autoregulation within the self. Theory & Psychology, 12(2), 251–265.
Valsiner, J. (2003). Culture and its transfer: Ways of creating general knowledge through the study of cultural particulars. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 7.
Valsiner, J. (2007). Culture in minds and societies: Foundations of cultural psychology. Los Angeles: Sage.
Wagner, W. (1994). Fields of research and socio-genesis of social representations: A discussion of criteria and diagnostics. Social Science Information, 33(2), 199–228.
White, R. (2001). Social and role identities and political violence: Identity as a window on violence in Northern Ireland. In R. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim, & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (pp. 133–158). New York: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Phillips DeZalia, R.A., Moeschberger, S.L. (2016). Symbolic Reminders of Identity. In: McKeown, S., Haji, R., Ferguson, N. (eds) Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29867-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29869-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)