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Radiobiological Principles

  • Chapter
Radiotherapy for Non-Malignant Disorders

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Radiotherapy has been given successfully to patients suffering from a wide variety of benign diseases, such as eczema and psoriasis, abscess, insertion tendinitis and osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and endocrine orbitopathy and for the prevention of heterotopic ossification or of restenosis after transluminal dilatation of blood vessels. Doses given for the different indications range from those given in cancer therapy to less than 1% of those doses. This suggests that very different radiobiological mechanisms are involved in the therapeutic action of radiotherapy on the different pathological processes. Textbooks on this topic [71, 132] tend to group these largely hypothetical mechanisms into classes that are also associated with different dose ranges. We prefer the following classification of mechanisms [115, 117]:

  1. •

    anti-proliferative radiation effects that may play a role in the prevention of heterotopic ossification, restenosis or keloids or of progression of Dupuytren’s contracture or in the treatment of benign tumours such as fibromas. Doses are generally 10 Gy or higher.

  2. •

    anti-inflammatory radiation effects that may also be involved in the analgesic effects of radiotherapy for, e.g., periarthritis humeroscapularis or ankylosing spondylitis or osteoarthritis. Doses range from 2 to 6 Gy.

  3. •

    functional radiation effects that are poorly defined and that are assumed to work by modulating the responses of the autonomous nerve system or interfering with gene activation processes. Doses are usually lower than 2 Gy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Biology, St. Bartolomew’s Medical College, Chartenhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK

    Klaus-Rüdiger Trott MD (Professor)

  2. Hegelstrasse 5, 04157, Leipzig, Germany

    Friedrich-Hugo Kamprad MD (Professor, em.)

  3. Dept. of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Friedrich-Hugo Kamprad MD (Professor, em.)

  4. Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Guido Hildebrandt MD (Professor)

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  1. Klaus-Rüdiger Trott MD
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  2. Friedrich-Hugo Kamprad MD
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  3. Guido Hildebrandt MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapeutic Radiology, Alfried-Krupp-Hospital, Alfried-Krupp-Strasse 21, Postfach 10 22 43, 45117, Essen, Germany

    Michael Heinrich Seegenschmiedt MD (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Strahlenklinik Klinikum Duisburg, Zu den Rehwiesen 9, 47055, Duisburg, Germany

    Hans-Bruno Makoski MD (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Department of Radiation Biology, St. Bartolomew’s Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK

    Klaus-Rüdiger Trott MD (Professor) (Professor)

  4. Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society, USA

    Luther W. Brady MD (Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor) (Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor)

  5. College of Medicine, Drexel University, Broad & Vine Sts., Mail Stop 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA

    Luther W. Brady MD (Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor) (Professor of Clinical Oncology, and Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished University Professor)

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Trott, KR., Kamprad, FH., Hildebrandt, G. (2008). Radiobiological Principles. In: Seegenschmiedt, M.H., Makoski, HB., Trott, KR., Brady, L.W. (eds) Radiotherapy for Non-Malignant Disorders. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68943-0_1

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