Biogeography and Conservation

Abstract

Methods for mapping of fungi on various scales are concisely treated. General distribution patterns are described on global, continental, regional and local scales, including endemism, exemplified with different types of distribution maps. Expansions of distribution areas are treated, caused by both spontaneous spreading and by introductions of plants and fungi outside their original range. Decrease and possible extinctions of fungi are discussed. Attention is drawn to the growing concern regarding conservation of fungi and to the organizations dealing with this subject. Red Lists are considered an important tool to summarize the conservation status of fungi, using several categories of threat. Aims and methods of Red listing are described. Causes of decline of fungi are indicated, and the most important habitats of endangered fungi are mentioned. In addition, the negative impact of air pollution on fungi is noted. The usefulness of mycological reserves and the designation of important fungus areas are discussed. Research on harvests of wild edible fungi, and methods for legal protection of fungi are summarized. Examples of management to benefit fungi in nature reserves are given.