Skip to main content

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. International Organization for Standardization (2009) http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html. Accessed 26 May 2009

  2. ASTM International, standards worldwide (2009) http://www.astm.org/. Accessed 26 May 2009

  3. Surgical stainless steel: the definitive standards, specifications, and tests (2009) http://www.bmezine.com/pierce/arti-cles/surgste.html. Accessed 28 May 2009

  4. http://www.tygon.com. Accessed 04 Jun 2009

  5. Gawkrodger DJ (1996) Nickel dermatitis: how much nickel is safe? Contact Dermatitis 35:267–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaatz M (2001) A trend and its complications: piercing. Kosm Medizin 24:188–193

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kwangsukstith C, Maibach HI (1995) Effect of age and sex on the induction and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 33:289–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. http://www.teg.co.uk/nickel/94-27-EC.html. Accessed 04 Jun 2009

  9. http://www.nickelinstitute.org. Accessed 04 Jun 2009

  10. Liden C, Norberg K (2005) Nickel on the Swedish market. Follow-up after implementation of the nickel directive. Contact Dermatitis 52:29–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cui Y, Spann AP, Couch LH et al (2004) Photodecomposition of pigment yellow 74, a pigment used in tattoo inks. Photochem Photobiol 80:175–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/FreePublications/UCM132814.pdf. Accessed 04 Jun 2009

  13. van Buuren R (2003) Testing of tattoo ingredients for their safety evaluation. In: Papameletiou D, Schwela D, Zenie A, Baeumler W (eds) Workshop on the technical/scientific and regulatory issues on the safety of tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission, Ispra. pp 89–92

    Google Scholar 

  14. https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=ResAP%282008%291&Language=lanEnglish1Ver=original&Site=COF&BackColorInternet=DBDCF2&BackColorIntranet=FDC864&BackColorLogged=FDC864. Accessed 26 May 2009

  15. Talberg HJ (2003) The question of positive or negative lists. In: Papameletiou D, Schwela D, Zenie A, Baeumler W (eds) Workshop on the technical/scientific and regulatory issues on the safety of tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission, Ispra. pp 84–88

    Google Scholar 

  16. Worp J, Boonstra A, Coutinho RA et al (2006) (2006) Tattooing, permanent make-up and piercing in Amsterdam; guidelines, legislation and monitoring. Euro Surveill 11:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wikipedia (2009) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_ink. Accessed 26 May 2009

  18. Baeumler W, Vasold R, Lundsgaard J, Talberg HJ (2003) Chemicals used in tattooing and permanent make up products. In: Papameletiou D, Schwela D, Zenie A, Baeumler W (eds) Workshop on the technical/scientific and regulatory issues on the safety of tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission, Ispra. pp 21–37

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sowden JM, Byrne JP, Smith AG et al (1991) Red tattoo reactions: x-ray microanalysis and patch test studies. Br J Dermatol 124:576–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Timko AL, Miller CH, Johnson FB et al (2001) In vitro quantitative chemical analysis of tattoo pigments. Arch Dermatol 137:143–147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lehmann G, Pierchalla P (1988) Tattooing dyes. Derm Beruf Umwelt 36:152–156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Reus HR, van Buuren RD; Inspectorate for Health Protection North, Ministry of Health (2001) Tattoo and permanent make-up colorants. An exploratory examination of: chemical and microbiological composition, Legislation, Report no ND COS 012

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ross E V, Yashar S, Michaud N et al (2001) Tattoo darkening and nonresponse after laser treatment: a possible role for titanium dioxide. Arch Dermatol 137:33–37

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Anderson RR, Geronimus R, Kilmer SL et al (1993) Cosmetic tattoo ink darkening. A complication of Q-Switched and pulsed-laser treatment. Arch Dermatol 129:1010–1014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim JW, Lee JW, Won YH et al (2006) Titanium, a major constituent of blue ink, causes resistance to Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser: results of animal experiments. Acta Derm Venereol 86:110–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Armstrong ML, Roberts AE, Koch JR et al (2008) Motivation for contemporary tattoo removal: a shift in identity. Arch Dermatol 144:879–884

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Anderson RR, Parish JA (1983) Selective photothermolysis; precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:524–527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Goldman MP, Fitzpatrick RE (1999) Treatment of tattoos. In: Goldman MP, Fitzpatrick RE (eds) The art and science of selective photothermolysis, 2nd edn. Mosby, St Louis, pp 250–252

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hodersdal M, Bech-Thomsen N, Wulf HC (1996) Skin reflectance-guided laser selections for treatment of decorative tattoos. Arch Dermatol 132:403–407

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pfirrmann G, Karsai S, Roos S et al (2007) Tattoo removal — state of the art. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5:889–897

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zelickson BD, Mehregan DA, Zarrin AA et al (1994) Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural evaluation of tattoos treated with three laser systems. Lasers Surg Med 15:36–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wu C (2007) Disappearing ink: tattoo technology for modern impermanence. Sci News 172:232–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. http://www.freedom2inc.com/bodyart.html. Accessed 26 May 2009

  34. http://www.infinitink.com. Accessed 26 May 2009

  35. Kazandjieva J, Grozdev I, Tsankov N (2007) Temporary henna tattoos. Clin Dermatol 25:383–387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Papameletiou D, Schwela D, Zenie A et al (2003) Risks and health effects from tattoos, body piercing and related practices. In: Workshop on the technical/scientific and regulatory issues on the safety of tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission, Ispra, pp 8–36

    Google Scholar 

  37. Vassold R, Engel E, Koenig B et al (2008) Health risks of tattoo colors. Anal Bioanal Chem 391:9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nishioka S, Gyorkos T, Joseph L et al (2003) Tattooing and transfusion-transmitted diseases in Brazil: a hospital-based cross-sectional matched study. Eur J Epidemiol 18:441–449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Samuel MC, Doherty PM, Bulterys M et al (2001) Association between heroin use, needle sharing and tattoos received in prison with hepatitis B and C positivity among street-recruited enjecting drug users in New Mexico, USA. Epidemiol Infect 127:475–484

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Baeumler W (2009) Laser therapy of tattoos. Kosm Medizin 30:8–11

    Google Scholar 

  41. Baeumler W (2003) Possible risks of tattoo removal using laser therapy. In: Papameletiou D, Schwela D, Zenie A, Baeumler (eds) Workshop on the technical/scientific and regulatory issues on the safety of tattoos, body piercing and related practices. European Commission, Ispra, pp.66–69

    Google Scholar 

  42. Baeumler W, Eibler E et al (2000) Q-switch laser and tattoo pigments: first results of chemical and photophyssical analysis of 41 compounds. Lasers Surg Med 26:13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Engel E, Santarelli F, Vassold R et al (2008) Modern tattoos cause high concentrations of hazardous pigments in skin. Contact Dermatitis 58(4):228–233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Engel E, Spannberger A, Vasold R et al (2007) Photochemical cleavage of tattoo pigment by UV radiation or natural sunlight. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5:583–589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Birnie AJ, Kulkarni K, Varma S (2006) Basal cell carcinoma arising in a tattoo. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(6):820–821

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Goldenberg G, Patel S, Patel MJ et al (2008) Eruptive squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma type, arising in a multicolor tattoo. J Cutan Pathol 35(1):62–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Paradisi A, Capizzi R, De Simonne C et al (2006) Malignant melanoma in a tattoo: case report and review of the literature. Melanoma Res 16:375–376

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Vassileva S, Hristakieva E (2007) Medical applications of tattooing. Clin Dermatol 25:367–374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kluger N, Phan A, Debarbieux S et al (2008) Skin cancers arising in tattoos: coincidental or not? Dermatology 217: 219–221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christa De Cuyper .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

De Cuyper, C., D'hollander, D. (2009). Materials Used in Body Art. In: Cuyper, C.D., Pérez-Cotapos S, M.L. (eds) Dermatologic Complications with Body Art. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03292-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03292-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03291-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03292-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics