Abstract
Back pain is defined as pain felt in the back that may have various reasons and clinical presentations. The reasons for back pain can be diverse (see also Sect. 8.4): musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., disc herniation, scoliosis), trauma, spinal infections (e.g., discitis, osteomyelitis) or non-spinal infections (e.g., paraspinous muscle abscess, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease), tumors or metastasis, urological disorders (e.g., urolithiasis or ureteropelvic junction obstruction), or chronic pain syndromes [1]. Lifting or twisting can release muscle-related pain, while bone-related pain is often aggravated by extension.
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Reference
Nigrovic P. Back pain in children and adolescents: overview of causes [Internet]. UpToDate; 2013. Available from: www.uptodate.com/store.
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Simonis, K., Rink, M. (2014). Back Pain. In: Merseburger, A., Kuczyk, M., Moul, J. (eds) Urology at a Glance. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54859-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54859-8_8
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