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Frühgeburt: Pränatale und intrapartale Aspekte

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Die Geburtshilfe

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Infektionen, Aktivierung der Inflammationskaskaden, Überdehnung des Uterus, Fehlbildungen des Uterus, mütterlicher Stress sowie verschiedene Formen der Plazentapathologie sind die Hauptursachen von spontanen Frühgeburten. Davon abzugrenzen sind die medizinisch indizierten Frühgeburten nach einer indizierten Schwangerschaftsbeendigung wegen mütterlicher oder fetaler Pathologie.

Die Behandlung einer vorzeitigen Wehentätigkeit mittels der Tokolyse ermöglicht eine kurzfristige Schwangerschaftsverlängerung zur Induktion der Lungenreifung durch Verabreichung von Glukokortikoiden und Verlegung in ein Perinatalzentrum. Für Frühgeborene, insbesondere sehr kleine Frühgeborene mit einem Geburtsgewicht von <1.500 g, hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Prognose stark verbessert. Gründe sind Zentralisierung von Hochrisikogeburten, eine verbesserte interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung der neonatalen Intensivmedizin.

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  1. AKH, Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Abt. für Geburtshilfe und feto-maternale Medizin, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    Hanns Helmer

  2. Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Schweiz

    Henning Schneider

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  1. Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Bern, Switzerland

    Henning Schneider

  2. Frauenklinik, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria

    Peter Husslein

  3. Frauenklinik u. Poliklinik, TU, Klinikum Rechts d. Isar, München, Germany

    Karl-Theo M. Schneider

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Helmer, H., Schneider, H. (2016). Frühgeburt: Pränatale und intrapartale Aspekte. In: Schneider, H., Husslein, P., Schneider, KT. (eds) Die Geburtshilfe. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45064-2_15

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