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Electroporation for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

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Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery can offer potential advantages over conventional oral and parenteral drug administration. However, the protective function of skin imposes a physicochemical barrier to the penetration of hydrophilic and large molecules. The skin is permeable to only small lipophilic drugs. Electroporation utilizes high-voltage electric pulses for very short duration (microsecond–millisecond) to permeabilize the skin and enable the transport of various molecules, including large and hydrophilic substances into and across the skin. The efficiency of molecular transport depends on both the electrical parameters of the pulses and the physicochemical characteristics of the permeant. The in vivo electroporation is generally well tolerated, but may sometimes cause itching, pricking, muscle contractions, and pain. These unwanted side effects could be avoided by the selection of proper electrodes and optimization of the electroporation parameters. This chapter presents the mechanism of percutaneous penetration enhancement induced by electroporation, discusses factors influencing percutaneous penetration of drug molecules, addresses effects of electroporation on the skin when used in vivo, and describes the potential use of electroporation for transdermal drug delivery.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support from Fraternal Order of Eagles and NSF EPSCoR (Grant No. EPS-0814442) doctoral fellowship to Buddhadev Layek.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, 18914, USA

    Babu M. Medi PhD

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Buddhadev Layek MPharm

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Jagdish Singh PhD

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  1. Babu M. Medi PhD
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  2. Buddhadev Layek MPharm
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  3. Jagdish Singh PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jagdish Singh PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Apoteka “Beograd”, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Dragicevic

  2. San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Medi, B.M., Layek, B., Singh, J. (2017). Electroporation for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery. In: Dragicevic, N., I. Maibach, H. (eds) Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_7

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