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Human Cryptosporidiosis: A Clinical Perspective

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Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal illness that in humans is most commonly due to infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or C. hominis. It has a world-wide distribution and is associated with both human to human and zoonotic infections, depending on the Cryptosporidium species causing the infection. Cryptosporidiosis can occur in both immune competent individuals, where it causes a self limiting diarrheal illness, or in patients with immune deficiency where the diarrhea can be extensive and result in death. The severity of illness is dependent upon factors such as age, environment, co-existent diseases, and host immune status. Infection typically involves the gastrointestinal cells that line the epithelial surface of the small and large intestines, but, depending on the species of Cryptosporidium, can also involve other epithelial surfaces such as the respiratory tract, particularly in immune compromised hosts. This chapter reviews the available data on the pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis in humans, the host response to this infection, the clinical complications associated with illness, and the therapeutic and preventative strategies for management of this infection.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Dr. Herbert B. Tanowitz for his critical reading of this manuscript and his editorial advice. This was supported by NIH R01AI93220 (LMW) and T32 NS007098-31 (HJS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Henry Shikani

  2. Department of Pathology, Division of Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Louis M. Weiss

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  1. Henry Shikani
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Correspondence to Louis M. Weiss .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Simone M. Cacciò

  2. Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA

    Giovanni Widmer

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Shikani, H., Weiss, L.M. (2014). Human Cryptosporidiosis: A Clinical Perspective. In: Cacciò, S., Widmer, G. (eds) Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1562-6_9

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