Abstract
It has long been clear that the increase in women’s paid employment has not evoked a compensating increase in the time men spend on childcare (Young and Willmott, 1973; Pilcher, 2000; Gershuny, 2000). Gershuny et al. (1994) suggested that adaptation was delayed in the 1980s by the childhood experience of that generation of parents, whose own parents generally have adopted a traditional sexual division of labour. Today, however, the majority of parents of young children grew up in the 1970s and 1980s, under a rather different domestic regime. Though attitudes have undoubtedly changed and there is good evidence that many men are spending more time with their children (Sullivan, 2000), the gender imbalance continues (O’Brien and Shemilt, 2003).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, T., Forth, J., Metcalf, H. and Kirkby, S. (2001) The Gender Pay Gap, London: Cabinet Office; Women and Equality Unit.
Blair-Loy, M. and Wharton, A.S. (2002) ‘Empioyees’ Use of Work—Family Policies and the Workplace Social Context’, Social Forces 80(3): 813–46.
Bond, S. and Sales, J. (2001) ‘Household Work in the UK: An analysis of the British Household Panel Survey 1994’, Work Employment and Society 15(2): 233–50.
Bradley, H., Erickson, M., Stephenson, C. and Williams, S. (2000) Myths at Work, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Brandth, B. and Kvande, E. (2002) ‘Reflexive Fathers: Negotiating Parental Leave and Working Life’, Gender, Work and Organisation 15(2): 186–203.
Bruegel, I. (2001) ‘The Full Monty: The Feminisation of Employment and the unemployment of men’ in Noon, M. and Ogbonna, E., Work and Inequality, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Bruegel, I. (2004) ‘Seeking the Critical Mass: Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Feminisation and Management in Britain in the 1990s’, in Stewart, P. (ed.) Employment, Trade Union Revival and the Future of Work, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Cooper, M. (2002) ‘Fatherhood, Masculinity and Work in Silicon Valley’ in Gerstel, N. (ed.), Families at Work: Expanding the Bounds, Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
Cully, M., Woodland, S. and O’Reilly, A. (1999) Britain at Work as depicted by the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, London: Routledge.
Dex, S. and Smith, C. (2001a) Which British employees have access to family-friendly policies? An analysis of the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, Judge Institute Research Paper No. WP/01, University of Cambridge.
Fagan, C. (2001) ‘The Temporal Re-organisation of Employment and Household Rhythm of Work Schedules’, American Journal ofBehavioural Science 44(7): 1199–212.
Ferri, E. and Smith, K. (1996) Parenting in the 1990s, London: Family Policy Studies Centre.
Fisher, K. and Gershuny, J. (1999) ‘Leisure in the UK across the Twentieth Century’. Working Paper 1999. 03 Institute for Social and Economic Research, Colchester: University of Essex.
Fried, M. (1999) Taking Time: Parental Leave Policy and Corporate Culture, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Gershuny, J., Godwin, M. and Jones, S. (1994) ‘Domestic Revolution a Process of Lagged Adaptation’ in Anderson, M., Bechhofer, F. and Gershuny, J. (eds), The Social and Political Economy of the Household, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gershuny, J. (2000) Changing Times, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Granovetter, M. (1985) ‘Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness’, American Journal of Sociology 91: 481–510.
Hanson, S. and Pratt, G. (1995) Gender, Work and Space, London: Routledge.
Harkness, S. (1996) ‘The Gender Earnings gap: Evidence from the UK’, Fiscal Studies 7(2): 1–36.
Harrop, A. and Moss, P. (1995) ‘Trends in Parental Employment’, Work, Employment and Society 9(4): 421–44.
Hochschild, A. (1997) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work, New York: Metropolitan Books.
La Valle, I., Arthur, S., Millward, C. and Scott, J. (2002) Happy families? Atypical work and its influence on family life’, Bristol: Policy Press.
Le Feuvre, N. (1999) ‘Gender, Occupational Feminization and Reflexivity: a Cross National Perspective’ in Crompton, R. (ed.), Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O’Brien, M. and Shemilt, I. (2003) Working Fathers: Earning and Caring, Manchester: EOC Discussion Series.
Office of National Statistics (2001) Social Focus on Men, London: HMSO.
Perrons, D. (2003) ‘The New Economy and the Work-life Balance: Conceptual explorations and a case study of the New Media’, Gender, Work and Organisation 10(1): 65–93.
Pilcher, J. (2000) ‘The Domestic Division of Labour in the Twentieth Century: Change Slow-a-coming’, Work, Employment and Society 14: 4.
Reskin, B.F., McBrier, D.B. and Kmec, J.A. (1999) ‘The Determinants and Consequences of Workplace Sex and Race Composition’, Annual Review of Sociology 25: 335–61.
Sandberg, J. (1999) ‘The Effects of Family Obligation and Workplace Resources on Men and Women’s Use of Family Leave’ in Hudson, R. and Parcel, T.L. (eds), Research into the Sociology of Work 7: 261–81.
Schor, J. (1991) The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline ofLeisure, New York: Basic Books.
Sullivan, O. (2000) ‘The Division of Domestic Labour: Twenty Years of Change’, Sociology 34(3): 437–56.
Vogler, C. (1994) ‘Segregation Sexism and Labour Supply’ in MacEwen Scott, A. (ed.), Gender Segregation and Social Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Warin, J., Solomon, Y., Lewis, C. and Langford, W. (1999) Fathers, Work and Family Life, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Yeung, W.J., Sandberg, J.F., Davies-Keen, P.E., and Hollerth, S.L. (2001) ‘Children’s time with fathers in intact families’, Journal of Marriage and the Family 63(1): 136–54.
Young, M. and Willmott, P. (1973) The Symmetrical Family, London: Routledge.
Copyright information
© 2005 Irene Bruegel and Anne Gray
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bruegel, I., Gray, A. (2005). Mens’ Conditions of Employment and the Division of Childcare Between Parents. In: Work-Life Balance in the 21st Century. The Future of Work Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230373594_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230373594_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51483-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37359-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)