Abstract
Currently, traffic accidents comprise the most common cause of traumatic deaths throughout the world and the most common cause of death and disability in the 15- to 44-yr-old age group in developed countries. In 2002, about 1.2 million people were killed in road traffic accidents, and by the year 2020, according to WHO data (1), this figure is projected to almost double, making traffic accidents the third (from the ninth) leading cause of death and disability worldwide (following ischemic heart disease and mental depression). Despite a large number of cars and accidents in high-income countries, however, the percentage of fatalities is low (Table 1). Agood marker of the motorization progress in a particular country is the percentage of pedestrians among all victims of traffic accidents, e.g., high in the low-income countries and eastern Europe (due primarily to a lack of road infrastructure and the absence of a separation between pedestrian and car streams).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Peden M, Scurfield R, Sleet D, Mohan D, Hyder AA, Jarawan E, Mathers C, eds. World report on road traffic injury prevention. World Health Organisation, Geneva 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/informaterials/world_report/en/(accessed October 2004).
Statistics of road traffic accidents in Europe and North America 2004. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; 2002. Available at: http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp6/transstatpub.html/(accessed October 2004).
DĂŒrwald W. Gerichtsmedizinische Untersuchungen bei VerkehrsunfĂ€llen. Thieme: VEB Georg Leipzig; 1966.
Eubanks JJ, Hill PF. Pedestrian accident reconstruction and litigation, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Co.; 1999.
Mason JK, Purdue BN, eds. The pathology of trauma. 3rd ed. London: Arnold Publishing; 2000.
Siegel JA, Saukko PJ, Knupfer GC, eds. Encyclopedia of forensic sciences. Academic Press, 2000.
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. Evidential value of injuries useful for reconstruction of the pedestrian-vehicle location at the moment of collision. Forensic Sci Int 128:127â135 (2002).
Karger B, Teige K, BĂŒhren W, DuChesne A. Relationship between impact velocity and injuries in fatal pedestrian-car collisions, Int J Legal Med 113:84â88 (2000).
Spitz WU, Fisher RS, eds. Medicolegal investigation of death. 3rd ed. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1993.
Metter D. Spurenbefunde bei FuÎČgĂ€nger-Fahrzeugkollisionen und ihre Bedeutung fĂŒr die Unfallrekonstruktion, Z Rechtsmedizin 91:21â32 (1983).
Metter D. Das Decollement als Anfahrverletzung, Z. Rechtsmedizin 85:211â219 (1980).
New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP) crash tests. Available at: http://www.euroncap.com.
Messerer OM. Ăber ElastizitĂ€t and Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochens. Stuttgart: JG Cotta Verlag; 1880.
Karger B, Teige K, Fuchs M, Brinkmann B. Was the pedestrian hit in an erect position before being run over? Forensic Sci Int 119:217â220 (2001).
Sellier K. Zur mechanik des knochenbruchs. Dtsch Z Gerichtl Med 56:341â348 (1965).
Mittmeyer HJ, König HG, Springer E, Staak M. Die Unterschenkelfraktur verunglĂŒckter FuÎČgĂ€nger: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Unfallrekonstruktion. Z Rechtsmedizin 74: 163â170 (1974).
Rabl W, Haid C, Krismer M. Biomechanical properties of the human tibia: fracture behavior and morphology. Forensic Sci Int 83:39â49 (1996).
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. The patterns of diaphyseal fractures of the lower limbs in vulnerable participants in real world traffic accidents. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference, Graz 2004.
Kress TA, Snider JN, Psihogios JP, et al. Fracture patterns of human cadaver long bones. In: Biomechanics of impact injury and injury tolerances of the extremities. Backaitis SH, ed. Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1996:453â467.
Klose H, Janik B. Frakturen und luxationen. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 1953.
Sjövall H. Die formen der frakturen der langen röhrenknochen. Zbl Chir 30:1234â1241 (1957).
Insall JN, ed. Surgery of the knee. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill-Livingstone; 1993.
Hayes CW, Brigido MK, Jamadar DA, Propeck T. Mechanism-based pattern approach to classification of complex injuries of the knee depicted at MR imaging. Radiographics 20:121â134 (2000).
Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF, Lawhorn KW. Bone contusion patterns of the knee at MR imaging: footprint of the mechanism of injury. Radiographics 20:135â151 (2000).
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. Knee joint injuries as a reconstruction parameter in car-to-pedestrian accidents. Forensic Sci Int 124:74â82 (2001).
Mink JH, Reicher MA, Crues JV III, Deutsch AL, eds. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1993.
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. A comparison of mechanisms of ankle, knee, pelvis and neck injuries in pedestrians and in cyclists according to the direction of impact and type of vehicle. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference; Lisbon, Portugal; 2003.
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. Ankle joint injuries as a reconstruction parameter in car-to-pedestrian accidents. Forensic Sci Int 1118:65â73 (2001).
TeresiĆski G, Madro R. Spuren an SchuhsohlenoberflĂ€chen von FuÎČgĂ€ngerunfallopfern und Verletzungen der Sprunggelenke. Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik 39:190â197 (2001).
Bunketorp O, Aldman B, Thorngren L, Romanus B. Clinical and experimental studies on leg injuries in car-pedestrian accidents. In: Biomechanics of impact injury and injury tolerances of the extremities. Backaitis SH, ed. Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.; 1996:699â710.
Wegner C, Otte D, Rau H. Deformationscharakteristik und EinfluÎČparameter von FahrrĂ€dern bei Kollisionen mit der Pkw-Front. Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik Heft 2, 32â38, Heft 3, 63â70 (2000).
Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Hennessey BC. Ankle joint injury mechanism for adults in frontal automotive impact. In: Biomechanics of impact injury and injury tolerances of the extremities. Backaitis SH, ed. Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.; 1996:525â534.
Nagel DA, Burton DS, Manning J. The dashboard knee injury. Clin Orthop 126:203â208 (1977).
Wagner K, Wagner HJ. Handbuch der Verkehrsmedizin. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1968.
Rau H, Otte D, Schulz B. Pkw-FuÎČgĂ€ngerkollisionen im hohen Geschwindigkeitsbereich. Ergebnisse von Dummyversuchen mit Kollisionsgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 70 und 90 km/h.Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik Heft 2:341â351 (2000).
Zivot U, Di Maio VJM. Motor vehicle-pedestrian accidents in adults: relationship between impact speed, injuries and distance thrown. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 14:185â186 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
TeresiĆski, G. (2005). Injuries of the Thigh, Knee, and Ankle as Reconstructive Factors in Road Traffic Accidents. In: Rich, J., Dean, D.E., Powers, R.H. (eds) Forensic Medicine of the Lower Extremity. Forensic Science and Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-897-8:311
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-897-8:311
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-269-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-897-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)