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Originalarbeit

Risikofaktoren für selbstverletzendes, aggressives und stereotypes Verhalten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Sehschädigungen

Published Online:September 29, 2016https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000465

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Formen, Häufigkeit und Risikofaktoren für selbstverletzendes, aggressives und stereotypes Verhalten sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Sehschädigungen unzureichend erforscht. Methodik: 83 Eltern von sehbehinderten und blinden Kindern und Jugendlichen berichten über Merkmale der Sehbehinderung, die sozial-kommunikativen Kompetenzen und die Häufigkeit und Schwere von stereotypen, selbstverletzenden und aggressiven Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, die sie bei ihren Kindern beobachten. Ergebnisse: Die einzelnen Bereiche der sozial-kommunikativen Kompetenzen, die erhoben werden, korrelieren mit der Häufigkeit von stereotypen Verhaltensweisen (r = –0.26 bis 0.33) und selbstverletzenden Verhaltensweisen (r = –0.34 bis 0.48), nicht aber mit der Häufigkeit von aggressiven Verhaltensweisen. Die Varianzanalyse zeigt zudem Zusammenhänge zwischen Häufigkeit und Schwere selbstverletzender Verhaltensweisen mit dem Grad der Entwicklungsverzögerung kognitiver und adaptiver Kompetenzen (F = 4.65, p = 0.012, bzw. F > 5.65, p < 0.01). Blinde Kinder zeigen mehr und schwerere Stereotypien (T > 2.49, p = 0.015; bzw. T = 2.64, p = 0.01) und mehr und schwerere Selbstverletzungen (T = 1.99, p = 0.05; bzw. T = 2.74; p < 0.01) als sehbehinderte Kinder. Selbstverletzendes Verhalten ist bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, die Sonderkindergärten und -schulen besuchen, häufiger zu beobachten. Schlussfolgerungen: Nur Selbstverletzungen und Stereotypien variieren mit Merkmalen der Sehschädigung und Zusatzbehinderungen der Kinder.


Risk factors for self-injurious, aggressive, and stereotypic behavior in children and youths with visual impairments

Abstract.Objective: To increase the limited knowledge concerning the form and risk factors of self-injurious, aggressive, and stereotypic behavior in children and youths with visual impairments. Method: Parents of 83 children and youths with visual impairments report on the characteristics of visual impairment, the social-communicative competence of their children, and the frequency and severity of self-injurious, aggressive, and stereotypic behaviors. Results: Stereotypic behaviors are reported more often than the other behavioral abnormalities. The frequencies of stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors are correlated with each other. Children with higher social-communicative competence received lower scores in stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors (range of correlation coefficients between –.26 and –.48). Furthermore, the developmental delay of cognitive and adaptive competence is associated with the frequency and severity of these self-injurious behaviors (F = 4.65, p = .012/F > 5.65, p < 0.01). For blind children, the parents describe a higher frequency and severity of stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors. The frequency of self-injurious behavior is lower for children in an integrative setting. Conclusions: Frequency and severity of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior varies with characteristics of the child’s visual impairment and additional disabilities. This association is not supported for aggressive behaviors.

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