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Grundlagen

Stabilität von Persönlichkeitspathologie bei jugendlichen Delinquenten

Published Online:June 04, 2012https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000081

Abstract

In dieser Follow-up-Studie wurde die Stabilität dimensional erfasster Persönlichkeitspathologie in einer Stichprobe ehemals inhaftierter weiblicher und männlicher Jugendlicher nach Ablauf von anderthalb Jahren untersucht. Es wurden 71 weibliche und männliche Jugendliche aus einer Kohorte vormals Inhaftierter im Mittel 17,1 Monate nach der Ersterhebung mit dem Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) nachuntersucht. Zur Klärung der Frage einer signifikanten Mittelwertsveränderung über die beiden Erhebungszeitpunkte hinweg wurde eine univariate Varianzanalyse mit Messwiederholung und zudem Rangkorrelationen berechnet. Die Ausprägungen für die DAPP-Subskalen Kognitive Verzerrung, Affektive Labilität, Argwohn, Unsichere Bindung, Reizsuche und Hartherzigkeit erwiesen sich als stabil. Demgegenüber waren signifikante Mittelwertsveränderungen bezüglich Identitätsprobleme, Oppositionalität, Selbstschädigung und Verhaltensprobleme auszumachen. Die vorliegenden Resultate entsprachen Ergebnissen mehrerer aktueller longitudinaler Studien. Als instabil erwiesen sich von anderen Autoren als „dysfunktionales Verhalten“ beschriebene persönlichkeitspathologische Merkmale, wohingegen stabilere Resultate für Persönlichkeitstraits (z. B. affektive Labilität und Hartherzigkeit) vorlagen. Diese Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass sich auch in einer Hochrisikopopulation delinquenter Jugendlicher das Konstrukt Persönlichkeit aus stabilen und instabilen Anteilen zusammensetzt. Die Auswirkungen auf die klinische Praxis werden diskutiert.


Stability of personality pathology in delinquent juveniles

In this follow up study, the stability of dimensional assessed personality pathology was investigated in a sample of formerly incarcerated female and male adolescents in the course of one and a half years. On average, 17.1 months after the first investigation, seventy-one female and male juveniles from a cohort of formerly incarcerated subjects were assessed with the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ). In order to answer the question of a significant change of mean values over time, a univariate variance analysis with repeated measurement and rang correlations was calculated. The DAPP subscales of Cognitive Distortion, Affective Lability, Suspiciousness, Insecure Attachment, Stimulus Seeking, and Callousness were found to be stable. In contrast there was a significant change of mean values regarding identity problems, oppositionality, self harm, and conduct problems. Our results were in line with recent longitudinal studies. Personality dimensions that were described by other authors as “dysfunctional behavior” were found to be stable, whereas more stable results were found for personality traits such as affective lability and callousness. These findings indicate that also in a high risk population of delinquent adolescents the construct of personality consists of stable and unstable elements. The clinical implications are discussed.

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