Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Es ist belegt, daß VLBW-Kinder (< 1500g) vermehrt motorische und/oder geistige Behinderungen aufweisen. Dagegen werden subtilere Beeinträchtigungen ohne offensichtliche Behinderung kontrovers diskutiert. Fragestellung: Das kognitive Leistungsprofil und grobmotorische Fertigkeiten von 33 neurologisch unauffälligen 8jährigen VLBW-Kindern werden mit 224 NBW-Kindern (≥ 2500g) verglichen. Methode: Die Daten resultieren aus einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie mit 362 Kindern mit unterschiedlicher organischer und psychosozialer Risikobelastung. Ergebnisse: Nonverbale Funktionen der VLBW-Gruppe fielen signifikant schlechter als in der NBW-Gruppe aus, während verbale Fähigkeiten unauffällig waren. Unabhängig vom Geburtsgewicht beeinträchtigte eine hohe psychosoziale Belastung ausschließlich sprachliche Leistungen. Intraindividuelle Profilanalysen der VLBW-Gruppe ergaben keine spezifischen Defizite. Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahme von suboptimalen rechtshemisphärischen Funktionen bei VLBW-Kindern sowie eine additive Verknüpfung von psycho-sozialer Belastung und niedrigem Geburtsgewicht.
Abstract.Background: While severe handicaps of VLBW children (<1500g) are well documented, subtle deficits require more research. Objectives: Profiles of the cognitive and motor abilities of 33 neurologically intact VLBW children at 8 years of age are described and compared with those of 224 NBW children (≥ 2500g). Methods: The data result from a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 362 children with different psychosocial and organic risk factors. Results: Nonverbal abilities of the VLBW group were lower than those of the NBW children. A reduction of language skills is brought about by a high psychosocial risk, independent of birthweight. The test profiles in the VLBW group revealed no specific deficits. Conclusions: The findings indicate suboptimal right-hemispheric functions in VLBW children and a main effects model of psychosocial risk and low birthweight.
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