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Endometrial Cancer

  • Chapter
MRI and CT of the Female Pelvis

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in well-developed countries. Biologically and clinicopathologically, endometrial carcinomas are divided into two types: type 1 or estrogen-dependent carcinomas and type 2 or estrogen-independent carcinomas. Type 1 cancers correspond mainly to endometrioid carcinomas and account for approximately 90 % of endometrial cancers, whereas type 2 cancers correspond to the majority of the other histopathological subtypes.

The vast majority of endometrial cancers present as abnormal vaginal bleedings in postmenopausal women. Therefore, 75 % of cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, which makes the overall prognosis favorable.

The first diagnostic step to evaluate women with an abnormal vaginal bleeding is the measurement of the endometrial thickness with transvaginal ultrasound. If endometrial thickening or heterogeneity is confirmed, a biopsy should be performed to establish a definite histopathological diagnosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging is not considered in the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging system. Nonetheless it plays a relevant role in the preoperative staging of endometrial carcinoma, helping to define the best therapeutic management. Moreover, it is important in the diagnosis of treatment complications, in the surveillance of therapy response, and in the assessment of recurrent disease.

The original version of this chapter was revised: The affiliation details of the authors were corrected. The erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_91

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  2. Teresa Margarida Cunha
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Correspondence to Mariana Horta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Rosemarie Forstner

  2. Serviço de Radiologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

    Teresa Margarida Cunha

  3. Charité Universitätsmedizin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Bernd Hamm

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Horta, M., Cunha, T.M. (2016). Endometrial Cancer. In: Forstner, R., Cunha, T.M., Hamm, B. (eds) MRI and CT of the Female Pelvis. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_84

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_84

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42573-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42575-7

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