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Molecular Mechanisms of Vaspin Action – From Adipose Tissue to Skin and Bone, from Blood Vessels to the Brain

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Protein Reviews – Purinergic Receptors

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((PROTRE,volume 1111))

Abstract

Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) or SERPINA12 according to the serpin nomenclature was identified together with other genes and gene products that were specifically expressed or overexpressed in the intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue (AT) of the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat. These rats spontaneously develop visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and -glycemia, as well as hypertension and thus represent a well suited animal model of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.

The follow-up study reporting the cloning, expression and functional characterization of vaspin suggested the great and promising potential of this molecule to counteract obesity induced insulin resistance and inflammation and has since initiated over 300 publications, clinical and experimental, that have contributed to uncover the multifaceted functions and molecular mechanisms of vaspin action not only in the adipose, but in many different cells, tissues and organs. This review will give an update on mechanistic and structural aspects of vaspin with a focus on its serpin function, the physiology and regulation of vaspin expression, and will summarize the latest on vaspin function in various tissues such as the different adipose tissue depots as well as the vasculature, skin, bone and the brain.

Author contributed equally with all other contributors.Juliane Weiner and Konstanze Zieger

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Abbreviations

AT:

adipose tissue

ATM:

adipose tissue macrophage

CART:

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript

CRH:

Corticotropin-releasing Hormone

DHEA-S:

dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

HFD:

high-fat diet

KLK7:

kallikrein 7

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartat

T2D:

type 2 diabetes

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Rene Meier and Sabina Kanton are kindly acknowledged for the homology modelling of the vaspin RCL. Our work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB1052 “Obesity Mechanisms” (C07).

Author Contributions

JW, KZ and JP wrote the manuscript. JW and JP created figures. JTH critically edited the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest are declared by the authors.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

      Juliane Weiner, Konstanze Zieger & John T. Heiker

    2. Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

      Juliane Weiner & John T. Heiker

    3. Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

      Jan Pippel

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      M. Zouhair Atassi

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    Weiner, J., Zieger, K., Pippel, J., Heiker, J.T. (2018). Molecular Mechanisms of Vaspin Action – From Adipose Tissue to Skin and Bone, from Blood Vessels to the Brain. In: Atassi, M. (eds) Protein Reviews – Purinergic Receptors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1111. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_241

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