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Psychological Distress Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak on Three Continents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Application of Omic Techniques to Identify New Biomarkers and Drug Targets for COVID-19

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((PMISB,volume 1412))

Abstract

Background: The dire state of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has had a substantial psychological impact on society.

Methods: A systematic search was performed through Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of individuals in various countries. Subgroup analyses considered gender and classification of countries into three continents of America, Europe, and Asia. Only studies that used the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) questionnaire as a tool to assess mental distress were included in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I2 statistic, and the random-effects model was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence.

Results: This pooled analysis included a large data sample of 21 studies consisting of 94,414 participants. The pooled prevalence of the psychological distress during the time of COVID-19 pandemic by CPDI for the continent of Asia was 43% (34.6% mild-to-moderate and 8.4% severe) which was greater than that for Europe (35%; 30% mild-to-moderate and 5% severe) but lower than that for America (64.3%; 45.8% mild to moderate and 18.5% severe). In addition, the prevalence of psychological distress according to CPDI was higher in females (48%; 40% mild to moderate, 13% severe) compared with males (59%; 36% mild to moderate and 5% severe).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that psychological distress in the Americas is a larger problem than in Asia and European continents. Females appear to be more vulnerable and may therefore require further attention in terms of preventive and management strategies. Implementation of both digital and molecular biomarkers is encouraged to increase objectivity and accuracy of assessing the dynamic changes in mental health in the current and future pandemics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Ashtari

  2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Farshid Rahimi-Bashar

  3. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, LifeStyle Institute, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Leila Karimi

  4. Chemical Injuries Research Center, life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmood Salesi

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

    Paul C. Guest

  6. Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

    Paul C. Guest

  7. Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

    Paul C. Guest

  8. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Maryam Matbou Riahi & Amirhossein Sahebkar

  9. Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Vahedian-Azimi

  10. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  11. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

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  1. Sara Ashtari
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Correspondence to Amir Vahedian-Azimi .

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  1. University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paul C. Guest

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Supplementary Table 4.ST1

Methodological quality assessment of included studies using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) tool (DOCX 16 kb)

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Ashtari, S. et al. (2023). Psychological Distress Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak on Three Continents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In: Guest , P.C. (eds) Application of Omic Techniques to Identify New Biomarkers and Drug Targets for COVID-19. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1412. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_4

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