Abstract
The prevalence of increased serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (Epo) was determined in a prospective study of 49 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Measured by a monoclonal antibody based commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay, the Epo concentration was above the normal range, determined in nonanemic humans, in four of the renal carcinoma patients. Since three of these were anemic, their increased Epo level was considered to be appropriate. The high estimate of serum Epo (218 U/1) in the fourth patient, who was not anemic, was not confirmed when tested by radio immunoassay. Thus, in contrast with earlier studies, our results indicate that increased Epo is not a clear serological renal cell carcinoma marker. In addition, when monolayer cell cultures of 14 different established human renal carcinoma lines were screened, none of these released immunoreactive Epo in measurable amounts.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Epo:
-
erythropoietin
- ELISA:
-
enzyme-linked immunoassay
- RIA:
-
radioimmunoassay
References
Annable L, Cotes PM, Mussett MV (1972) The second international reference preparation of erythropoietin, human, urinary, for bioassay. Bull Org Mond Santé 47:99–112
Babaian RJ, Swanson DA (1982) Serum haptoglobin: a non-specific tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma. South Med J 75:1345–1348
Bachmann S, Le Hir M, Eckardt K-U (1993) Co-localization of erythropoietin mRNA and ecto-5'-nucleotidase immunoreactivity in peritubular cells of rat renal cortex indicates that fibroblasts produce erythropoietin. J Histochem Cytochem 41:335–341
Bates SE (1991) Clinical applications of serum tumor markers. Ann Intern Med 115:623–638
Bechensteen AG, Lappin TRJ, Marsden J, Muggleston D, Cotes PM (1993) Unreliability in immunoassays of erythropoietin: anomalous estimates with an assay kit. Br J Haematol 83:663–664
Chu TM, Shukla SK, Mittleman AO, Murphy GP (1974) Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in renal cell carcinoma patients. J Urol 111:742–744
Da Silva JL, Lacombe C, Bruneval P, Casadevall N, Leporrier M, Camilleri J-P, Bariety J, Tambourin P, Varet B (1990) Tumor cells are the site of erythropoietin synthesis in human renal cancers associated with polycythemia. Blood 75:577–582
Funakoshi A, Muta H, Baba T, Shimizu S (1993) Gene expression of mutant erythropoietin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 195:717–722
Gross AJ, Michl UHG, Bornhöft G, Dieckmann K-P (1993) Neuron-specific enolase (NSE): a serum tumor marker in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)? Eur Urol 24:396–398
Guinan PD, Ablin RJ, Dubin A, Nourkayan S, Bush IM (1975) Carcinoembryonic antigen test in renal cell carcinoma. Urology 5:185–187
Hammond D, Winnick S (1974) Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis and ectopic erythropoietins. Ann NY Acad Sci 230:219–227
Janik JE, Sznol M, Urba WJ, Figlin R, Bukowski RM, Fyfe G, Pierce WC, Belldegrun A, Sharfman WH, Smith JW, Longo DL (1993) Erythropoietin production. Cancer 72:2656–2659
Jelkmann W (1992) Erythropoietin: structure, control of production, and function. Physiol Rev 72:449–489
Jelkmann W, Piccardi K (1991) Erythropoietinbestimmungen im Serum. Vergleich eines kommerziellen ELISA mit herkömmlichen biologischen und radioimmunologischen Methoden. Klin Lab 37:229–234
Jelkmann W, Wiedemann G (1990) Serum erythropoietin level: relationships to blood hemoglobin concentration and erythrocytic activity of the bone marrow. Klin Wochenschr 68:403–407
Katsuoka Y, McGonigle R, Rege AB, Beckman B, Fisher JW (1983) Erythropoietin production in human renal carcinoma cells passaged in nude mice and in tissue culture. Gann 74:534–541
Kazal LA, Erslev AJ (1975) Erythropoietin production in renal tumors. Ann Clin Lab Sci 5:98–109
Koury ST, Bondurant MC, Koury MJ (1988) Localization of erythropoietin synthesizing cells in murine kidneys by in situ hybridization. Blood 71:524–527
Kvarstein B, Lindemann R, Mathisen W (1973) Renal carcinoma with increased erythropoietin production and secondary polycythemia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 7:178–180
Lacombe C, Da Silva J-L, Bruneval P, Fournier J-G, Wendling F, Casadevall N, Camilleri J-P, Bariety J, Varet B, Tambourin P (1988) Peritubular cells are the site of erythropoietin synthesis in the murine hypoxic kidney. J Clin Invest 81:620–623
Ljungberg B, Rasmuson T, Grankvist K (1992) Erythropoietin in renal cell carcinoma: evaluation of its usefulness as a tumor marker. Eur Urol 21:160–163
Maxwell AP, Lappin TR, Johnston CF, Bridges JM, McGeowin MG (1990) Erythropietin production in kidney tubular cells. Br J Haematol 74:535–539
Morse EE (1979) Consequences of erythropoietin production by neoplasms. Ann Clin Lab Sci 9:116–120
Murphy GP, Mirand EA, Staubitz WJ (1976) The value of erythropoietin assay in the follow-up of Wilms' tumor patients. Oncology 33:154–156
Pagel H, Jelkmann W, Weiss C (1989) O2-supply to the kidneys and the production of erythropoietin. Respir Physiol 77:111–118
Richards B, Robinson MRG, Pidcock NB, Cooper EH (1982) Serum protein profiles in carcinoma of the kidney. Eur Urol 8:32–36
Selli C, Cozzolino F, Carini M, Lenzi R, Vercelli D (1984) Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol Res 12:261–263
Sherwood JB, Goldwasser E (1976) Erythropoietin production by human renal carcinoma cells in culture. Endocrinology 99:504–510
Sufrin G, Mirand EA, Morre RH, Chu TM, Murhpy GP (1977) Hormones in renal cancer. J Urol 117:433–438
Sytkowski AJ, Bicknell KA, Smith GM, Garcia JF (1984) Secretion of erythropoietin-like activity by clones of human renal carcinoma cell line GKA. Cancer Res 44:51–54
Toyama K, Fujiyama N, Suzuki H, Chen TP, Tamaoki N, Ueyama Y (1979) Erythropoietin levels in the course of a patient with erythropoietin-producing renal cell carcinoma and transplantation of this tumor in nude mice. Blood 54:245–253
Waldmann TA, Rosse W (1964) Tumors producing erythropoiesis-stimulating factors. In: Sundermann FW, Sundermann FW, Jr (eds) Hemoglobin, its precursors and metabolites. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 276–280
Wolff M, Jelkmann W (1992) Clinical applicability of the determination of erythropoietin. In: Pagel H, Weiss C, Jelkmann W (eds) Pathophysiology and pharmacology of erythropoietin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 94–107
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gross, A.J., Wolff, M., Fandrey, J. et al. Prevalence of paraneoplastic erythropoietin production by renal cell carcinomas. Clin Investig 72, 337–340 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00252823
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00252823