Abstract
Endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and glycoprotein E-selectin (ELAM-1) allow the homing of leukocytes to inflammation sites. A circulating form of ICAM-1 markedly increases in inflammatory CNS disorders.
In the present study, the serum levels of ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in patients with acute (AIDP) and chronic (CIDP) inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies and cryoglobulinemic neuropathy (CGN).
Immunoenzymometric assays revealed increased sICAM-1 levels in some of these patients; furthermore, high titres of ELAM-1 and TNF-α were detected in two patients with AIDP and one patient with CGN.
Our data extend previous observations on inflammatory PNS disorders by showing that, in addition to ICAM-1, ELAM-1 also represents a useful marker of endothelial activation and that, taken together, the two molecules may serve as an indicator of specific pathogenetic mechanisms.
Sommario
L'infiltrazione leucocitaria nelle aree di infiammazione viene mediata dalle molecole di adesione ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) ed ELAM-1 (E-selectin).
In corso di disordini infiammatori del SNC vi è un marcato incremento sierico di ICAM-1.
In questo studio abbiamo dosato i livelli sierici di ICAM-1, ELAM-1 e TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) in pazienti con neuropatia crioglobulinemica (CGN) e poliradicolonevrite acuta (AIDP) e cronica (CIDP).
Dosaggi immunoenzimatici hanno evidenziato un incremento di sICAM-1 in alcuni pazienti con tali patologie; inoltre in 2 pazienti con AIDP ed in 1 paziente con CGN sono stati rilevati elevati titoli di ELAM-1 e TNF-α.
I nostri dati ampliano le osservazioni precedenti riguardo ai disordini infiammatori del SNP, dimostrando che ELAM-1, insieme a ICAM-1, può essere un utile marker di attivazione endoteliale e che entrambi possono servire come indicatori di meccanismi patogenetici specifici.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonetti B., Monaco S., Giannini C., Ferrari S., Zanusso G.L., Rizzuto N.:Human peripheral nerve macrophages in normal and pathological conditions. J. Neurol. Sci., 118:158–168, 1993.
Cronstein B.N., Kimmel S.C., Levin R.I., Martiniuk F., Weissmann G.:A mechanism for antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids: the glucocorticoid receptor regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelialleukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:9991–9995, 1992.
Gearing A.J.H., Newman W.:Circulating adhesion molecules in disease. Immunol. Today, 14:506–512, 1993.
Hartung H.P., Jung S., Stoll G., et al.:Inflammatory mediators in demyelinating disorders of the CNS and PNS. J. Neuroimmunol., 40:197–210, 1992.
Honavar M., Tharakan J.K.J., Hughes R.A.C., Leibowitz S., Winer J.B.:A clinicopathological study of the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Brain, 114:1245–1269, 1991.
Hughes R.A.C., Newsom-Davis J.M., Perkin G.D., Pierce J.M.:Controlled trial of prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy. The Lancet, (October 7) 750–753, 1978.
Jander S., Heindenreich F., Stoll G.:Serum and CSF levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammatory neurologic diseases. Neurology, 43:1809–1813, 1993.
MacKay C.R., Imhof B.A.:Cell adhesion in the immune system. Immunol. Today, 14:99–102, 1993.
Monaco S., Gehrmann J., Raivich G., Kreutzberg G.W.:MHC-positive, ramified macrophages in the normal and injured rat peripheral nervous system. J. Neurocytol., 21:623–634, 1992.
Pober J.S., Cotran R.S.:The role of endothelial cells in inflammation. Transplantation, 50:537–544, 1990.
Prineas J.:Polyneuropathies of undetermined cause. Acta Neurol. Scand., 46 (suppl. 44):1–72, 1970.
Rieckmann P., Nünke K., Burchhardt M., et al.:Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in cerebrospinal fluid: an indicator for the inflammatory impairment of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. J. Neuroimmunol., 47:133–140, 1993.
Rothlein R., Mainolfi E.A., Czaijkowski M.A., Marlin S.D.:A form of circulating ICAM-1 in human serum. J. Immunol., 147:3788–3793, 1991.
Seth R., Raymond F.D., Makgoba M.W.:Circulating ICAM-1 isoforms: diagnostic prospects for inflammatory and immune disorders. Lancet, 338:83–84, 1991.
Sharief M.K., Noori M.A., Ciardi M., Cirelli A., Thompson E.J.:Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis. Correlation with TNF-alpha and blood-brain barrier damage. J. Neuroimmunol., 43:15–22, 1993.
Springer T.A.:Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature, 346:425–434, 1990.
Tsukada N., Miyagi K., Matsuda M., Yanagisawa N.:Increased levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in multiple sclerosis and human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy. Ann. Neurol., 33:646–649, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Musso, A.M., Zanusso, G.L., Bonazzi, M.L. et al. Increased serum levels of ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and TNF-α in inflammatory disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Ital J Neuro Sci 15, 267–271 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02339236
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02339236