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Predicting non-adherence in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

  • Clinical Trial
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Abstract

Purpose

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with a high risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD prevention consists of lifestyle changes combined with lifelong statin treatment. Good adherence to statins reduces the risk of events substantially. This study was designed to identify determinants of non-adherence and to develop a model predicting non-adherence.

Methods

A single centre survey included all consecutive heterozygous FH patients above age 18 years, who were treated by a specialized team in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital in The Netherlands between 2008 and 2009. In addition to clinical data, patients completed a questionnaire concerning medication adherence.

Results

We analyzed 321 patients (169 women) with a statin prescription whose mean age was 46 ± 14 years (± S.D.), and 13 % of the patients had CHD. The untreated mean total cholesterol was 10 ± 2.3 mmol/l. On average, patients were ten years on cholesterol-lowering therapy (range 1–29 years). Adherence was reported by 89 % of the patients (> 90 % adherence). Non-adherence was associated with younger age (OR = 10.64, 95 % CI 2.86–39.68), high total cholesterol level during prescription (OR = 4.29, 95 % CI 1.86–9.89) and a relatively low untreated total cholesterol level (OR = 3.94 95 % CI 1.39–11.14). A prediction model based on these three determinants had a c-index of 0.78 and a calibration with P = 0.88.

Conclusion

Based on three independent determinants, a prediction model is developed to identify non-adherent FH patients. This model needs to be tested in future prospective research. It might be a first step in improving statin adherence in this extremely high risk group.

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Contribution of authors

JMHGB and JGL initiated the conception and design of the study. RTvD, MJL and JMHGB performed data analysis. JMHGB, JGL and MJL wrote the manuscript. JGL, ES, JRVL, GGvBvdS and ML carefully reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the submitted manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Section of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    J. M. H. Galema-Boers, J. Roeters van Lennep, E. J. Sijbrands & J. G. Langendonk

  2. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    M. J. Lenzen & R. T. van Domburg

  3. Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Master Advanced Nursing Practice, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    G. G. van Bruchem-van de Scheur

  4. Department of Internal Medicine – office D416, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    J. G. Langendonk

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  1. J. M. H. Galema-Boers
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  3. R. T. van Domburg
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  4. J. Roeters van Lennep
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  6. E. J. Sijbrands
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. G. Langendonk.

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Galema-Boers, J.M.H., Lenzen, M.J., van Domburg, R.T. et al. Predicting non-adherence in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 70, 391–397 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-013-1640-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-013-1640-3

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