Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Predictive models and spatial variations of vital capacity in healthy people from 6 to 84 years old in China based on geographical factors

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Biometeorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basic for a unified standard of the reference value of vital capacity (VC) of healthy subjects from 6 and 84 years old in China. The normal reference value of VC was correlated to seven geographical factors, including altitude (X 1), annual duration of sunshine (X 2), annual mean air temperature (X 3), annual mean relative humidity (X 4), annual precipitation amount (X 5), annual air temperature range (X 6) and annual mean wind speed (X 7). Predictive models were established by five different linear and nonlinear methods. The best models were selected by t-test. The geographical distribution map of VC in different age groups can be interpolated by Kriging’s method using ArcGIS software. It was found that the correlation of VC and geographical factors in China was quite significant, especially for both males and females aged from 6 to 45. The best models were built for different age groups. The geographical distribution map shows the spatial variations of VC in China precisely. The VC of healthy subjects can be simulated by the best model or acquired from the geographical distribution map provided the geographical factors for that city or county of China are known.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5 a–i

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Thoracic Society (1995) Standardization of spirometry (1994 update). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1107–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltopoulos G, Fildisis G, Karatzas S, Georgiakodis F, Myrianthefs P (2000) Reference values and prediction equations for FVC and FEV1 in the greek elderly. Lung 178:201–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boskabady MH, Tashakory A, Mazloom R, Ghamami G (2004) Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8–18 years. Respirology 9(4):535–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen GY, Wu XZ, Wang YC (2002) Discussion on the normal reference value of vital capacity. Second Med Educ 5:23

    Google Scholar 

  • Dang AR, Jia HF, Yi SZ (2003) Guide for Geographic information system application in ArcGIS 8 Desktop. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, pp 79–301

    Google Scholar 

  • European Community for Coal and Steel (1983) Standardization of lung function tests. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 19(Suppl):1–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Facchini F, Fiori G, Bedogni G, Galletti L, Ismagulov O, Ismagulova A, Sharmanov T, Tsoy I, Belcastro MG, Rizzoli S, Goldoni M (2007) Spirometric reference values for children and adolescents from Kazakhstan. Ann Human Biol 34(5):519–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng K, Chen L, Han SM, Zhu GJ (2011) Spirometric standards for healthy children and adolescents of Korean Chinese in Northeast China. J Kor Med Sci 26:1469–1473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiori G, Facchini F, Ismagulov O, Ismagulova A, Tarazona-Santos E, Pettener D (2000) Lung volume chest size and hematological variation in low- medium- and high-altitude central Asian populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 113:47–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia RF, Dorgham A, Pino JM, Villasante C, Garcia QC, Alvarez SR (2009) Lung volume reference values for women and men 65 to 85 years of age. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180(11):1083–1091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golshan M, Nematbakhsh M, Amra B, Crapo RO (2003) Spirometric reference values in a large Middle Eastern population. Eur Respir J 22:529–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulshan S, James G (2006) Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology. Clin Interv Aging 1(3):253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB (1999) Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:179–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He XL (2005) Research on multivariate linear model and ridge regression. Dissertation, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, pp 16–35

  • Institue of Chinese Students’ Physique and Health Analysis (2002) Chinese students’ physique and health investigation and analysis in 2000. High Education, Beijing, pp 389–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Institue of Chinese Students’ Physique and Health Analysis (2007) Chinese students’ physique and health investigation and analysis in 2005. High Education, Beijing, pp 357–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns DP, Reid DW (2004) Influence of high altitude on lung development and function the lung: development aging and the environment. Academic, London, pp 267–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaditis AG, Gourgoulianis K, Tsoutsou P, Papaioannou AI, Fotiadou A, Messini C, Samaras K, Piperi M, Gissaki D, Zintzaras E, Molyvdas AP (2008) Spirometric values in Gypsy (Roma) children. Respir Med 102:1321–1328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuster SP, Kuster D, Schindler C, Rochat MK, Braun J, Held L, Brändli O (2008) Reference equations for lung function screening of healthy never-smoking adults aged 18–80 years. Eur Respir J 31:860–868

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang JL, Fan YS (1993) Pulmonary function and cardiac function index of native populations in different altitude. Chin J Sports Med 44:113–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YY, Zhu ZX, Wang LC, Ning H (1995) Investigation on pulmonary function and arterlal blood gas analysis of healthy adults at high altitude. J Prev Med Chin People’s Liberation Army 60:265–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Jiang WM, Yang KD (2001) The analyses of normal value of lung function in Mengzi area. Med Pharm Yunnan 22(6):476–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Milivojevic PL, Wells AU, Moody A, Fergusson W, Tukuitonga C, Kolbe J (2001) Spirometric lung volumes in the adult Pacific Islander population: comparison with predicted values in a European population. Respirology 6(3):247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore LG, Niermeye S, Zamudio S (1998) Human adaptation to high altitude: regional and life-cycle perspectives. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl:25–64

  • Mu KJ, Liu SW (1990) Nationwide normal values of lung function. PUMC & Beijing Medical University Publication, Beijing, pp 49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrowski S, Grzywa CA, Mieczkowska J, Rychlik M, Lachowska KP, Lopatyński J (2005) Pulmonary function between 40 and 80 years of age. J Physiol Pharmacol 56:127–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Pistelli F, Bottai M, Viegi G, Di PF, Carrozzi L, Baldacci S, Pedreschi M, Giuntini C (2000) Smooth reference equations for slow vital capacity and flow-volume curve indexes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:899–905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawas OA, Baddar S, Maniri AA, Balaji J, Jayakrishnan B, Riyami BM (2009) Normal spirometric reference values for Omani adults. Lung 187:245–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ren ZH, Ma XM (2004) Lung capacity and physical indicators of students in the high altitude area. J Qinghai Univ (Science edition) 22(2):100–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogelio PP, Justino RP, Margarita R, Minerva C, Laura M, Rosalba R, Rocio C, Jaime V, Victor T, Victor BA, Gustavo O (2003) Spirometric function in children of Mexico City compared to Mexican-American children. Pediatr Pulmonol 35:177–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen BH, Wang LD, Liang GP (2002) Testing and analyzing the lung capacity of youths and children. Hubei Sports Sci 21(1):16–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolej NN, Pavlović M, Zuskin E, Milicić J, Skarić JT, Barbalić M, Rudan P (2009) New reference equations for forced spirometry in elderly persons. Respir Med 103:621–628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su MY, Gu HP, Yang Z (1992) Characteristics of lung function of highland immigrants in in-land after retirement. J High Altitude Med 5:47–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan WC, Bourbeau J, Hernandez P, Chapman K, Cowie R, FitzGerald MJ, Aaron S et al (2011) Canadian prediction equations of spirometric lung function for Caucasian adults 20 to 90 years of age: results from the Canadian Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) study and the Lung Health Canadian Environment (LHCE) study. Can Respir J 18:321–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang GA, Yang X (2006) Geographic information system spatial analysis course based on ArcGIS. Science Press, Beijing, pp 50–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Trabelsi Y, Paries J, Harrabi I, Zbidi A, Tabka Z, Richalet JP, Buvry A (2008) Factors affecting the development of lung function in Tunisian children. Am J Hum Biol 20:716–725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang FB, Tang KX, Ding HL (2000a) A study on pulmonary volume in the 600 students. J Weifang Med Coll 22(3):186–187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Fan Y, Peng BZ, Wu F (2000b) Effect of lung function in plateau environment. Chin J Pest Control 79:381–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Zhang Z, Gang B, Love EJ (2009) Predictive equations for lung function based on a large occupational population in North China. J Occup Heal 51(6):471–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan CN, Yan JH, Song JL (1991) The dictionary of cities and counties in China. Chinese Central Communist Party School Press, Beijing, pp 1–1446

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan H, Shen GQ, Mao YS (2002) Climatological atlas of the people’s republic of China. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, pp 1–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XZ, Fan YX (1990) Pulmonary ventilation function tests in Karakoram Mountain with different altitude. Chin J Appl Physiol 23:203

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Chen CK, Wu GH (2005) Geography of China. High Education Press, Beijing, pp 3–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng JP, Zhong NS (2002) Normative values of pulmonary function testing in Chinese adults. Chin Med J 115(1):50–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng JP, Chen RC, Zhong NS (2007) Pulmonary function. Guangdong Science and Technology, Guangzhou, pp 130–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou KL, Kang YH (2005) Neural network model And simulation program design based on Matlab. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, pp 86–135;140–157.

  • Zhu GJ (2006) Physiological concentrations and psychological stage in Chinese Populatio- Population survey report in some provinces autonomous regions or city in China for the early 21st century. Peking Union Medical College Press, Beijing, pp 273–293

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all of the volunteers that took part in this study and the people for their assistance in technical and laboratory support. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671005) and Innovation Funds of Graduate Programs (SNU, No. 2012CXB012).

Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have any financial or other potential conflict of interest for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Healthy Geography, College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, Xi’an, 710062, Shaanxi, China

    Jinwei He, Miao Ge, Naigui Jiang, Mingxin Zhang & Pujun Yun

  2. Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, Shaanxi, China

    Congxia Wang

Authors
  1. Jinwei He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Miao Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Congxia Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Naigui Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mingxin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pujun Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Miao Ge or Congxia Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

He, J., Ge, M., Wang, C. et al. Predictive models and spatial variations of vital capacity in healthy people from 6 to 84 years old in China based on geographical factors. Int J Biometeorol 58, 769–779 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0658-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0658-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation