Abstract
Since 1968, year of the May Revolution in France, UNESCO realised that a rapid separation was developing between the human race and nature, especially in big cities. This resulted in the development of numerous Environmental Education Programmes for children. Tench fish-farms are a particularly good tool for educating children in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems. The ‘Vegas del Guadiana’ fish farm (Badajoz, Spain) Environmental Education Programme, is included in the Transborder Environmental Education Programme and in INTERREG II, an European Community Initiative whose objective is to promote cross-border, international and interregional co-operation to encourage balanced development in Europe. Preliminary results have been evaluated and presented in the present work. The analysis of the efficiency of the programme was measured in children from ages 6 to 12. The results showed no significant differences among sex (t-Student=0.07, p=0.9470) nor social surroundings (t-Student=0.87, p=0.3910) but there were significant differences when comparing different ages (ANOVA, p=0.0437). In all cases, a significant increase in the knowledge and concern about the freshwater environment was found in children (Paired t-Student=−10.55, p=0.0001).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alberta Government, 2005. Jan 11. Environmental Education. Sam Livingston Fish Hatchery. <http://www3.gov.ab.ca/env/resedu/samlivingston.cfm>. Accessed 2005 Apr 20
Antikainen R., Lemolab R., Nousiainenb J.I., Sokkac L., Esalab M., Huhtanenb P. and Rekolainen S. (2005). Stocks and flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish food production and consumption system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 107: 287–305
Aquatour, 2005. Apr 22. Virtual tour of 5 European fish farms. <http://www.feap.info/home/aquatour_en.asp>. Accessed 2005 Apr 25
[AQUATT] Aquaculture Training and Technology Network, 2005 Apr 25. Current initiatives. <http://www.aquatt.ie/aquattinitiatives/currentinitiatives/index.php>. Accessed 2005 Apr 25
Boyd C.E. and Massaut L. (1999). Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering 20: 113–132
Chawla L. (1988). Children’s concern for the natural environment. Children’s Environments Quarterly 5 (3): 13–20
Crivelli A.J. (1995). Are fish introductions a threat to endemic freshwater fishes in the northern Mediterranean region?. Biological Conservation 72: 311–319
[CSHFHA] Cold Spring Harbour Fish Hatchery & Aquarium, 2004. Cold Spring Harbour Fish Hatchery & Aquarium Education Programs. <http://www.cshfha.org/programs/programs.html>. Accessed 2004 Oct 9
Gardner H. (1983). Frames of Mind. Basic Book Inc, New York
Gardner, H. 1998. A Multiplicity of intelligences. Sci. Am. Presents: Winter 1998: Exploring Intelligence 9(4): 18–23
Hawthorne M. and Alabaster T. (1999). Citizen 2000: Development of a model of environmental citizenship. Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions 9: 25–43
Hicks D. and Holden C. (1995). Exploring the future: a missing dimension in environmental education. Environmental Education Research 3 (2): 189–201
Jørgensen S.E. (1998). Introduction. In : Jørgensen S.E., Kawashima M., Kira T. (eds). Guidelines of lake management. A focus on lakes/rivers in environmental education. Environmental Agency. Government of Japan, Tokyo, pp. 3–16
Junta de Extremadura, 2004. D.O.E. n° 31 de 16 de marzo de 2004. [Extremadura Official Diary number 31. March 16, 2004], pp. 2990–3000
Kobayashi T. (1991). A suggestion about environmental education using the five senses. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23: 623–626
Loughland T., Reid A., Walker K. and Petocz P. (2003). Factors influencing young people’s conceptions of environment. Environmental Education Research 9: 3–20
Lukowicz M.V. (1982). Intensive carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) rearing in a farm pond in southern Germany and its effects on water quality. Aquacultural Engineering 1 (2): 121–137
Pérez Regadera J.J. and Velasco Gemio R. (1995). Reproduction of tench Tinca tinca (L. 1758) in spawning ponds. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 42: 57–61
Prat N., Toja J., Sola C., Burgos M.D., Plans M. and Rieradevall M. (1999). Effect of dumping and cleaning activities on the aquatic ecosystems of the Guadiamar River following a toxic flood. The Science of the Total Environment 242: 231–248
UN, 2001. Compendium of Human Settlements Statistics 2001
UNCED, 1992. Agenda 21. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June
UNESCO, 1978. Inter governmental Conference on Environmental Education, Tbilisi (1977): Final Report. UNESCO, Paris
UNESCO (1989). Environmental literacy for all.Connect: UNESCO-UNEP Environmental. Education Newsletter 14: 1–2
UNESCO (1993). Teaching global change through environmental education.Connect: UNESCO-UNEP Environmental. Education Newsletter 18: 1–4
[USFWS] United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005 Apr 27. Pendills Creek/Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery Complex. <http://www.fws.gov/midwest/pendillscreek/>. Accessed 2005 Apr 29
Acknowledgements
The authors thank “Vegas del Guadiana” of the Junta de Extremadura for allowing them the use of their facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernández Lo Faso, R., Velasco Gemio, R., Escudero García, J. et al. Tench, Tinca tinca (L.), fish farms as a tool for environmental education. Aquacult Int 14, 209–218 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-9027-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-9027-9