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Examining the Relationship between Experienced Workplace Incivility and Aggressive Driving Behaviors on the Work-to-Home Commute

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Abstract

Aggressive driving behaviors have been gaining in notoriety in recent years, with US drivers identifying aggressive driving as a serious problem. Researchers have called for understanding the contextual factors that contribute to drivers engaging in such behaviors. If individuals engage in aggressive driving behaviors during their work-to-home commutes, it is possible that some aspects of work may be associated with these behaviors. The present study examined the influence of employee’s experienced workplace incivility on aggressive driving behaviors, as well as the mechanisms and conditional factors that might shed light on the nature of this relationship through the lens, and extension, of affective events theory. Data were collected via a baseline survey and daily diaries administered over the course of one working week (five days), from employees (N = 109) who worked full-time and commuted by private vehicle alone on a daily basis. Results indicate that on days when employees experience incivility at work, they engage in aggressive driving behaviors during their work-to-home commutes, through the negative emotions they experience during their commute. Perceived psychological contract violation during the commute was found to exacerbate this relationship. Overall, the present findings suggest that spillover effects due to experiencing workplace incivility have the potential to impact behaviors elicited during the commute, raising the risk of detrimental consequences for both the employee and employer. Practical implications and future lines of research are discussed.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Notes

  1. The full list of adapted items and stems for all measures is available from the first author.

  2. Following recommendations put forth by Colquitt et al. (2019), we assessed the content validity evidence of our psychological contract violations during the commute scale using the Hinkin and Tracey (1999) approach, where we calculated scale- and item-level definitional correspondence and definitional distinctiveness using the orbiting constructs of aggressive driving behaviors, negative emotions while driving, and driving stress. Results indicated that perceived psychological contract violations during the commute demonstrated both definitional correspondence (htc = .863) and definitional distinctiveness (htd = .28) compared with the orbiting constructs. Additional information and data associated with the assessment of content validity evidence is available from the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA

    Katrina A. Burch & Melissa B. Sorensen

  2. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Janet L. Barnes-Farrell

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  1. Katrina A. Burch
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  2. Janet L. Barnes-Farrell
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  3. Melissa B. Sorensen
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Correspondence to Katrina A. Burch.

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We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Portions of this research were previously presented at the 34th Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) conference. Specifically, the methodology was presented in a panel session on work-family research methodology. This study was supported by the CPH-NEW pilot grant program, funded by Grant Number 1 U19 OH008857 from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

We conducted single-level confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on all substantive study variables of interest using the first day of daily diary data. All study variables were assessed via continuous scales and have been validated in previous research.

First, we examined the factor structure of aggressive driving behaviors, loading six items onto a latent aggressive driving variable. This model yielded a solution with poor fit [χ2 (9) = 53.58, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.88; TLI = 0.81; SRMR = 0.08]. Factor loadings on the aggressive driving variable were sufficient (i.e., all items loaded > 0.55), however examination of the modification indices indicated that model fit would be greatly improved by correlating item four (I deliberately used my car/truck to block drivers who tailgated me) and item six (I punished someone who cut me off). Both item four and item six appeared to capture a deliberate punishment component, therefore it was logical to correlate these two items. Indeed, correlating the aforementioned items improved model fit [χ2 (8) = 12.67, p = 0.12; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.03].

Furthermore, we confirmed the factor structure of negative emotions during the commute, loading seven items onto latent negative emotions during the commute variable. This model yielded adequate fit (χ2 (14) = 39.08, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.93; TLI = 0.89; SRMR = 0.06). We also confirmed the factor structure of perceived psychological contract violations during the commute and experienced incivility. The CFA for perceived psychological contract violations during the commute yielded a solution with good fit (χ2 (2) = 2.09, p = 0.35; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.02). The CFA for incivility yielded a solution with adequate fit (χ2 (9) = 24.68, p = 0.003; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.93; SRMR = 0.03).

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Burch, K.A., Barnes-Farrell, J.L. & Sorensen, M.B. Examining the Relationship between Experienced Workplace Incivility and Aggressive Driving Behaviors on the Work-to-Home Commute. J Bus Psychol 38, 283–303 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-023-09873-z

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