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Early Aerobic Exercise Combined with Hydrogen-Rich Saline as Preconditioning Protects Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

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Abstract

It has been reported that hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) water reduces oxidative stress, and early aerobic exercise (eAE) acts an efficient exercise preconditioning (EP) against cardiac I/R injury. However, whether early aerobic exercise combined with hydrogen-rich saline (eAE-HRS) water can more effectively protect myocardial damage induced by acute myocardial infarction (MI) is still unknown. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of eAE-HRS in preventing MI-induced myocardial damage and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. After Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given a intragastric administration of HRS (1.6 ppm) at a dosage of 10 mL/kg weight daily for 3 weeks and/or the SD rats were performed a eAE program with 3 weeks running training, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to induce MI. We assessed the effects of eAE-HRS on myocardial injury and oxidative damage in the MI model of rats and detected the effects of eAE-HRS on the expressions of cardiac OGG1 and Tom40, Tom20, and Tim23. The eAE-HRS increased significantly left ventricular systolic pressure, reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and potentiated + dp/dtmax, −dp/dtmax, heart coefficient and pH after MI injury. The eAE-HRS reduced MI-induced CK-MB level, c-Tnl level, h-FABP level, infarct size. The eAE-HRS enhanced MI-induced levels of the superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, attenuated MI-induced levels of malondialdehyde and catalase. The eAE-HRS increased expressions of OGG1, Tom20 and Tim23 proteins after MI injury, but not Tom40. The eAE-HRS has the potential to be a novel precautionary measure to protect myocardial injury after MI via partially regulating expressions of antioxidant-related proteins and mitochondrial-associated proteins.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

catalase

CK-MB:

creatine kinase isoenzyme

cTn-I:

cardiac troponin I

eAE:

early aerobic exercise

eAE-HRS:

early aerobic exercise combined with hydrogen-rich saline

ECG:

electrocardiogram

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GSH-PX:

glutathione peroxidase

H&E:

hematoxylin and eosin

h-FABP:

heart type fatty acid binding protein

HRP:

horseradish peroxidase

HRS:

hydrogen-rich saline

LVEDP:

left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

LVSP:

left ventricular systolic pressure

HC:

heart coefficient

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MI:

myocardial infarction

mtDNA:

mitochondrial DNA

OGG1:

8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase

T-AOC:

total antioxidant capacity

Tim23:

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23

Tom20:

translocase of outer membrane 20

Tom40:

translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40

T-SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TTC:

2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

RNS:

reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

8-OHdG:

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine

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Funding

This work was supported by the Outstanding Doctoral Thesis fund of Shaanxi Normal University (Grant No. X2014YB02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Rui Feng, Mengxin Cai, Xudan Wang, Juanjuan Zhang & Zhenjun Tian

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  1. Rui Feng
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Contributions

TZJ conceived of the study. FR and CMX performed the experiments and collected and analyzed all data. TZJ, FR, and WXD prepared the manuscript, and all the authors edited the manuscript. All the authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zhenjun Tian.

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Feng, R., Cai, M., Wang, X. et al. Early Aerobic Exercise Combined with Hydrogen-Rich Saline as Preconditioning Protects Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 187, 663–676 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2841-0

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