Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate whether the combined treatment with Se and Zn offers more beneficial effects than that provided by either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced oxidative stress in the kidney of rat. For this purpose, 30 adult male Wistar albino rats, equally divided into control and four treated groups, received either 200 ppm Cd (as CdCl2), 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn (as ZnCl2), 200 ppm Cd + 0.1 ppm Se (as Na2SeO3), or 200 ppm Cd + 500 ppm Zn + 0.1 ppm Se in their drinking water for 35 days. The results showed that Cd treatment decreased significantly the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the renal levels of lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) were increased compared to control rats. The treatment of Cd-exposed rats with Se alone had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations but increased significantly the CAT activities and reversed Cd-induced increase in SOD activity. It also partially prevented Cd-induced decrease in GSH-Px activity. The treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Zn alone increased significantly the CAT activity and partially protected against Cd-induced increase in the MDA concentrations, whereas it had no significant effect on the Cd-induced increase in SOD activity and decrease in GSH-Px activity. The combined treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Se and Zn was more effective than that with either of them alone in reversing Cd-induced decrease in CAT and GSH-Px activities and Cd-induced increase in MDA concentrations. Results demonstrated beneficial effects of combined Se and Zn treatment in Cd-induced oxidative stress in kidney and suggest that Se and Zn can have a synergistic role against Cd toxicity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
World Health Organisation (WHO) Environmental Health Criteria, 134 Cadmium. IPCS, Geneva 1992.
El-Sharaky AS, Newairy AA, Badreldeen MM, Eweda SM, Sheweita SA (2007) Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Toxicology 235:185–193
Brzóska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J (2001) Interactions between cadmium and zinc in the organism. Food Chem Toxicol 39:967–980
Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MTD (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 12:1161–1208
Oteiza PI, Adonaylo VN, Keen CL (1999) Cadmium-induced testes oxidative damage in rats can be influenced by dietary zinc intake. Toxicology 137:13–22
Chowdhury BA, Friel JK, Chandra RK (1987) Cadmium-induced immunopathology is prevented by zinc administration in mice. J Nutr 117:1788–1794
Jemai H, Messaoudi I, Chaouch A, Kerkeni A (2007) Protective effect of zinc supplementation on blood antioxidant defense system in rats exposed to cadmium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 21:269–273
Brzóska MM, Galażyn-Sidorczuk M, Rogalska J, Roszczenko A, Jurczuk M, Majewska K, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J (2008) Beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on biomechanical properties of femoral distal end and femoral diaphysis of male rats chronically exposed to cadmium. Chem Biol Interact 171:312–324
Jamba L, Nehru B, Bansal MP (2000) Effect of selenium supplementation on the influence of cadmium on glutathione and glutathione peroxidase system in mouse liver. J Trace Elem Exp Med 13:299–304
Newairy AA, El-Sharaky AS, Badreldeen MM, Eweda SM, Sheweita SA (2007) The hepatoprotective effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity in rats. Toxicology 242:23–30
Jacquillet G, Barbier O, Cougnon M, Tauc M, Namorado MC, Martin D, Reyes JL, Poujeol P (2006) Zinc protects renal function during cadmium intoxication in the rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290:127–137
Xiao P, Jia XD, Zhong WJ, Jin XP, Nordberg G (2002) Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats. Biomed Environ Sci 5:67–74
Stajn A, Zikic RV, Ognjanovic B, Saicic ZS, Pavlovic SZ, Kostic MM, Petrovic VM (1997) Effect of cadmium and selenium on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidneys. Comp Biochem Physiol 117:167–172
Brzóska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J (2005) Bone metabolism of male rats chronically exposed to cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 207:195–211
Hammouda F, Messaoudi I, El Hani J, Baati T, Saïd K, Kerkeni A (2008) Reversal of cadmium-induced thyroid dysfunction by selenium, zinc, or their combination in rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 126:194–203. doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8194-8
Marklund S, Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47:469–474
Beers B, Sizer W (1952) A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J Biol Chem 195:133–139
Gunzler WA, Kremers H, Flohe L (1974) An improved coupled test procedure for glutathione peroxidase in blood. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 12:444–448
Yagi K (1976) A simple fluorimetric assay for lipoperoxide in blood plasma. Biochem Res 15:212–216
Gornall AG, Bardawill CS, David MM (1949) Mise au point d’une méthode quantitative pour doser les protéines avec le Biuret. J Biol Chem 177:751–766
Sidhu M, Mridula S, Mandeep B, Yohesh C, Awasthi M, Ravindra N (1993) Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in Rhesus monkey: the role of selenium. Toxicology 83:203–213
Bragadin M, Scutari G, Folda A, Bindoli A, Rigobello M (2004) Effect of metal complexes on thioredoxin reductase and the regulation of mitochondrial permeability conditions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1030:348–354
Lazarus M, Orct T, Blanusa M, Kostial K, Pirsljin J, Beer-Ljubic B (2006) Effect of selenium pre-treatment on cadmium content and enzymatic antioxidants in tissues of suckling rat. Toxicol Lett 164:S1–S191
Gambhir J, Nath R (1992) Effect of cadmium on tissue glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in rats. Influence of selenium supplementation. Indian J Exp Biol 30:597–601
Jurczuk M, Brzoska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J, Galazyn-Sidorczuk M, Kulikowska-Karpinska E (2004) Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of rats exposed to cadmium and ethanol. Food Chem Toxicol 42:429–438
Sarkar S, Yadav P, Bhatnagar D (1997) Cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in rat erythrocytes: the role of antioxidants. J Trace Elem Med Biol 11:8–13
Ogjanovic B, Pavlovic SZ, Maletic SD, Zikic RV, Stajn AS, Radojicic RM, Saicic ZS, Kostic MM, Petrovic VM (2003) Protective influence of vitamin E on antioxidant defense system in the blood of rats treated with cadmium. Physiol Res 52:563–570
Tandon SK, Singh S, Prasad S, Khandekar K, Dwivedi VK, Chatterjee M, Mathur N (2003) Reversal of cadmium induced oxidative stress by chelating agent, antioxidant or their combination in rat. Toxicol Lett 2003:145:211–217
Wang Y, Fang J, Leonard SS, Rao, KMK (2004) Cadmium inhibits electron transfer chain and induced reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 36:1434–1443
Stohs SJ, Bagachi C (1995) Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med 18:321–336
Casalino E, Cesare S, Clemente L (1997) Enzyme activity alteration by cadmium administration to rats: the possibility of iron involvement in lipid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 346:171–179
Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ (1996) Cadmium induced excretion of urinary lipid metabolites, DNA damage, glutathione depletion and hepatic lipid peroxidation in Sprague–Dawley rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 52:143–53
Prasadarao PV (1983) Effect of intraperitoneal cadmium administration on mitochondrial enzymes in rat tissues. Toxicology 27:81–87
Stillman MJ, Zelazowski AJ (1988) Domain specificity in metal binding to metallothionein. A circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism study of cadmium and zinc binding at temperature extremes. J Biol Chem 263:6128–6133
Rükgauer M, Neugebauer RJ, Plecko T (2001) The relation between selenium, zinc and copper concentration and the trace element dependent antioxidative status. J Trace Elem Med Biol 15:73–78
Badiello R, Feroci G, Fini A (1996) Interaction between trace elements: selenium and cadmium ions. J Trace Elem Med Biol 10:156–162
Rana SV, Verma S (1996) Protective effects of GSH, vitamin E and selenium on lipid peroxidation in cadmium-fed rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 51:161–168
He R, Bao KG (1994) Effects of selenium and DTPA on cadmium excretion in rats. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 28:97–99
Ohta H, Seki Y, Yoshikawa H (1995) Interactive effects of selenium on chronic cadmium toxicity in rats. ACES 8:97–104
Gan L, Liu Q, Xu HB, Zhu YS, Yang XL (2002) Effects of selenium overexposure on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase gene expressions and activities. Biol Trace Elem Res 89:165–175
Berggren MM, Mangin JF, Gasdaka JR, Powis G (1999) Effect of selenium on rat thioredoxin reductase activity: increase by supranutritional selenium and decrease by selenium deficiency. Biochem Pharmacol 57:187–93
Sato M, Bremner I (1993) Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein. Free Radic Biol Med 14:325–337
Girotti AW, Thomas JP, Jordan JE (1985) Inhibitory effect of zinc (II) on free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. Free Radic Biol Med 1:395–401
El-Heni J, Messaoudi I, Hammouda F, Kerkeni A (2008) Protective effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the liver and kidney of the rat: Histology and Cd accumulation. Food Chem Toxicol 46:3522–3527
Faure P, Barclay D, Joyeux-Faure M, Halimi S (2007) Comparison of the effects of zinc alone and zinc associated with selenium and vitamin E on insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress in high-fructose-fed rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 21:113–9
Feroci G, Badiello R, Fini A (2005) Interactions between different selenium compounds and zinc, cadmium and mercury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:227–234
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
I. Messaoudi and J. El Heni have equally contributed to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Messaoudi, I., El Heni, J., Hammouda, F. et al. Protective Effects of Selenium, Zinc, or Their Combination on Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney. Biol Trace Elem Res 130, 152–161 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8324-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-009-8324-y