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Prevalence of sarcopenia according to EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 in older adults and their associations with unfavorable health outcomes: a systematic review

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Abstract

Background

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recently updated the definition and diagnostic criteria to assess sarcopenia, which can result in important changes in sarcopenia prevalence in older adults.

Aim

To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia through the diagnostic criteria and definition proposed by the first (EWGSOP1) and recent (EWGSOP2) European consensus in older adults. We also aimed to evaluate which sarcopenia consensus is better associated with unfavorable health outcomes.

Methods

The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 2018 to February 2021. The systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020213303). The search, selection, and evaluation processes were done in a duplicate and independent manner.

Results

Of the 298 potentially eligible articles, 9 were included in this review. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 17.7% by EWGSOP1 and 11% by EWGSOP2. Evaluating all the studies, the sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 6.2 to 35.3% for the EWGSOP1, and from 3.2 to 26.3% for the EWGSOP2. Five studies have evaluated the association between the prevalence of sarcopenia (EWGSOP1 versus EWGSOP2) and unfavorable health outcomes, in which three studies showed that EWGSOP1 was better associated with increased risk of hospitalization and/or mortality.

Conclusion

In comparison with EWGSOP1, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults decreased when diagnosed according to EWGSOP2. Based on limited evidence, EWGSOP2 seems to be worse for predicting unfavorable outcomes compared with EWGSOP1.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). EPO would like to thank “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq, Brazil, 304205/2019-2).

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Author notes

  1. Laura Cristina Jardim Porto and Erick P. de Oliveira equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health-PPGNS, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Lara Vilar Fernandes, Isabela Coelho de Castro, Andrezza Fernanda Santiago & Laura Cristina Jardim Porto

  2. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, University Campus, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil

    Alexandre Elias Gomes Paiva, Ana Clara Borges Silva, Isabela Coelho de Castro, Andrezza Fernanda Santiago & Laura Cristina Jardim Porto

  3. Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Erick P. de Oliveira

Authors
  1. Lara Vilar Fernandes
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  2. Alexandre Elias Gomes Paiva
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  3. Ana Clara Borges Silva
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  4. Isabela Coelho de Castro
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  5. Andrezza Fernanda Santiago
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  6. Erick P. de Oliveira
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  7. Laura Cristina Jardim Porto
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Contributions

LVF, AEGP, and ACBS designed the study, developed the study protocol, and performed all analyses, and oversaw the management of all aspects of the study. LVF and AEGP conducted the literature search and participated in screening, full-text review, and data extraction. ICC, AFS, EPO, and LCJP participated full-text review and advised on analysis and contributed to the interpretation of findings. EPO and LCJP contributed equally to this work. All authors contributed to the writing of the final manuscript and approved the final version for submission.

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Correspondence to Laura Cristina Jardim Porto.

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Fernandes, L.V., Paiva, A.E.G., Silva, A.C.B. et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia according to EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 in older adults and their associations with unfavorable health outcomes: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res 34, 505–514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01951-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01951-7

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