Abstract
Anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs are among the most commonly used medical drugs. In addition to the long-established heparins, hirudins, coumarins and antiplatelet drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid, numerous novel and predominantly synthetic pharmacologic agents have come onto the market in recent years. These new agents act at various sites in coagulation and have significantly broadened treatment options. Whilst immunological hypersensitivity reactions are on the whole rare, they have a considerable impact on patient management when they do occur. The present overview discusses the currently known hypersensitivity reactions to anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents, with particular attention to the newer substance classes including P2Y12 inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIb receptor antagonists, direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Arachidonic acid
- ADP:
-
Adenosine diphosphate
- ADR:
-
Adverse drug reaction
- AERD:
-
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease
- AGEP:
-
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
- ASA:
-
Acetylsalicylic acid
- cAMP:
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- COOH:
-
Carboxyl group
- CYP:
-
Cytochrome P450
- DILI:
-
Drug induced liver injury
- DRESS:
-
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic systems
- EMA:
-
European Medicines Agency
- Fab:
-
Fragment antigen binding
- FDA:
-
US Food and Drug Administration
- GP:
-
Glycoprotein
- HACA:
-
Human antichimeric antibodies
- HAMA:
-
Human anti-murine antibodies
- HIT:
-
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- HLA:
-
Human leukocyte antigen
- HMWH:
-
High molecular weight heparin (unfractionated heparin)
- Ig:
-
Immunoglobulin
- LMWH:
-
Low molecular weight heparin
- LT:
-
Leukotriene
- NSAID:
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PDE:
-
Phosphodiesterase
- PG:
-
Prostaglandin
- P2Y12:
-
Adenosine receptor
- SCAR:
-
Severe cutaneous adverse reaction
- TEN:
-
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
- TIA:
-
Transient ischemic attack
- T-R:
-
Thromboxane receptor
- TxA2:
-
Thromboxane A2
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Cite this as Scherer Hofmeier K, Bircher AJ. Hypersensitivity reactions to modern antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs. Allergo J Int 2015; 24:58–66 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-015-0043-7
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Hofmeier, K.S., Bircher, A.J. Hypersensitivity reactions to modern antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs. Allergo J Int 24, 58–66 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-015-0048-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-015-0048-2