Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vocal Fold Paralysis: Causes, Outcomes, and Clinical Aspects

  • Chapter
Vocal Fold Paralysis

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Stewart JD (2000) Focal peripheral neuropathies, 3rd edn. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  2. Loughran S, Alves C, MacGregor FB (2002) Current aetiology of unilateral vocal fold paralysis in a teching hospital in the West of Scotland. J Laryngol Otol 116:907–910

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Laccourreye O, Papon JF, Kania R, Ménard M, Brasnu D, Hans S (2003) Paralysies laryngeés unlatérales: Données épidemiologiques et évolution thérapeutique. Presse Med 32:781–786

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Titche LL (1976) Causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol 102:259–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Work WP (1941) Paralysis and paresis of the vocal cords: a statistical review. Arch Otolaryngol 34:267–280

    Google Scholar 

  6. Benninger MS, Gillen JB, Altman JS (1998) Changing etiology of vocal fold immobility. Laryngoscope 108:1346–1350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Delevan DB (1908) The etiology of paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves of peripheral origin. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 17:631–644

    Google Scholar 

  8. Casselberry WE (1908) Recurrent and abductor paralysis of the larynx: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 17:607–630

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dralle H, Sekulla C, Haerting J, Timmermann W, Neumann HJ, Kruse E, Grond S, Muhlig HP, Richter C, Voss J, Thomusch O, Lippert H, Gastinger I, Brauckhoff M, Gimm O (2004) Risk factors of paralysis and functional outcome after recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. Surgery 136:1310–1322

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chiang FY, Wang LF, Huang YF, Lee KW, Kuo WR (2005) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery 137:342–347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Testini M, Nacchiero M, Portincasa P, Miniello S, Piccinni G, Venere B di, Campanile L, Lissidini G, Bonomo GM (2004) Risk factors of morbidity in thyroid surgery: analysis of the last 5 years of experience in a general surgery unit. Int Surg 89:125–130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Zambudio AR, Rodriguez J, Riquelme J, Soria T, Canteras M, Parrilla P (2004) Prospective study of postoperative complications after total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiters by surgeons with experience in endocrine surgery. Ann Surg 240:18–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sturniolo G, D’Alia C, Tonante A, Gagliano E, Taranto F, Lo Schiavo MG (1999) The recurrent laryngeal nerve related to thyroid surgery. Am J Surg 177:485–488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C, Ukkat J, Lippert H, Gastinger I, Dralle H (2000) Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications in benign goiter surgery: prospective multicenter study in Germany. World J Surg 24:1335–1341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tartaglia F, Sgueglia M, Muhaya A, Cresti R, Mulas MM, Turriziani V, Campana FP (2003) Complications in total thyroidectomy: our experience and a number of considerations. Chir Ital 55:499–510

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Robertson ML, Steward DL, Gluckman JL, Welge J (2004) Continuous laryngeal nerve integrity monitoring during thyroidectomy: Does it reduce risk of injury? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:596–600

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Beldi G, Kinsbergen T, Schlumpf R (2004) Evaluation of intraoperative recurrent nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. World J Surg 28:589–591

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hermann M, Hellebart C, Freissmuth M (2004) Neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery: prospective evaluation of intraoperative electrophysiological responses for the prediction of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Ann Surg 240:9–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rowe-Jones JM, Rosswick RP, Leighton SE (1993) Benign thyroid disease and vocal cord palsy. Ann R Coll Surg 75:241–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. McCall AR, Ott R, Jarosz H, Lawrence AM, Paloyan E (1987) Improvement of vocal cord paresis after thyroidectomy. Am Surg 53:377–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chan WF, Lo CY, Lam KY, Wan KY (2004) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinicopathologic features and outcome study. World J Surg 28:1093–1098

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Skie M, Heck BE, Yeasting RA (1997) Vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the anterior approach to the lower cervical spine. Spine 22:2664–2667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Weisberg NK, Spengler DM, Netterville JL (1997) Stretch-induced nerve injury as a cause of paralysis secondary to the anterior cervical approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116:317–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Netterville JL, Koriwchak MJ, Winkle M, Courey MS, Ossoff RH (1996) Vocal fold paralysis following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 105:85–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Apfelbaum RI, Kriskovich MD, Haller JR (2000) On the incidence, cause, and prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies during anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine 15:2906–2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jung A, Schramm J, Lehnerdt K, Herberhold C (2005) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. J Neurosurg Spine 2:123–127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Liapis CD, Satiani B, Florance CL, Evans WE (1981) Motor speech malfunction following carotid endarterectomy. Surgery 89:56–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ramsay RE, Uthman BM, Augustinsson LE, Upton AR, Naritoku D, Willis J, Treig T, Barolat G, Wernicke JF (1994) Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures, vol 2. Safety, side effects, and tolerability. First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group. Epilepsia 35:627–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shaffer MJ, Jackson CE, Szabo CA, Simpson CB (2005) Vagal nerve stimulation: clinical and electrophysiological effects on vocal fold function. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 114:7–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Zalvan C, Sulica L, Wolf S, Cohen J, Gonzalez-Yanes O, Blitzer A (2003) Laryngopharyngeal dysfunction from the implant vagal nerve stimulator. Laryngoscope 113:221–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Chang CY, Payyapilli RJ, Scher RL (2003) Endoscopic staple diverticulostomy for Zenker’s diverticulum: review of the literature and experience in 159 consecutive cases. Laryngoscope 113:957–965

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sugarbaker DJ, Jaklitsch MT, Bueno R, Richards W, Lukanich J, Mentzer SJ, Colson Y, Linden P, Chang M, Capalbo L, Oldread E, Neragi-Miandoab S, Swanson SJ, Zellos LS (2004) Prevention, early detection, and management of complications after 328 consecutive extrapleural pneumonectomies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 128:138–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Filaire M, Mom T, Laurent S, Harouna Y, Naamee A, Vallet L, Normand B, Escande G (2001) Vocal cord dysfunction after left lung resection for cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20:705–711

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mom T, Filaire M, Advenier D, Guichard C, Naamee A, Escande G, Llompart X, Vallet L, Gabrillargues J, Courtalhiac C, Claise B, Gilain L (2001) Concomitant type I thyroplasty and thoracic operations for lung cancer: preventing respiratory complications associated with vagus or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121:642–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bhattacharyya N, Batirel H, Swanson SJ (2003) Improved outcomes with early vocal fold medialization for vocal fold paralysis after thoracic surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx 30:71–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Puhakka HJ (1989) Complications of mediastinoscopy. J Laryngol Otol 103:312–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Martin de Nicolas Serrahima JL, Garcia Barajas S, Marron Fernandez C, Diaz-Hellin Gude V, Larru Cabrero E, Oteo Lozano M, Perez Anton JA, Toledo Gonzalez J (1999) Technical complications in the surgical inspection of the mediastinum in the staging of cancer of the lung. Arch Bronchoneumol 35:390–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Stenborg R (1973) Casas of recurrent nerve paralysis in Gothenburg from 1968 to 1971. Acta Otolaryngol 75:364–365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dimarakis I, Protopapas AD (2004) Vocal cord palsy as a complication of adult cardiac surgery: surgical correlations and analysis. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 26:773–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ishimoto S, Kondo K, Ito K, Oshima K (2003) Hoarseness after cardiac surgery: possible contribution of low temperature to the recurrent nerve paralysis. Laryngoscope 113:1088–1089

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ishimoto S, Ito K, Toyama M, Kawase I, Kondo K, Oshima K, Niimi S (2002) Vocal cord paralysis after surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysm. Chest 121:1911–1915

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Teixedo MT, Leonetti JP (1990) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 102:140–144

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zbar RI, Chen AH, Berendt DM, Bell EF, Smith RJ (1996) Incidence of vocal fold paralysis in infants undergoing ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. Ann Thoracic Surg 61:814–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Nishimaki T, Suzuki T, Kanda T, Obinata I, Komukai S, Hatakeyama K (1999) Extended radical esophagectomy for superficially invasive carcinoma of the esophagus. Surgery 125:142–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gockel I, Kneist W, Keilmann A, Junginger T (2005) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) following esophagectomy for carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 31:277–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Baba M, Natsugoe S, Shimada M, Nakano S, Noguchi Y, Kawachi K, Kusano C, Aikou T (1999) Does hoarseness of voice from recurrent nerve paralysis after esophagectomy for carcinoma influence patient quality of life? J Am Coll Surg 188:231–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hulscher JB, van Sandick JW, Devriese PP, van Lanschot JJ, Obertop H (1999) Vocal cord paralysis after subtotal oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 86:1583–1587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Netterville JL, Civantos FJ (1993) Rehabiliation of cranial nerve deficits after neurotologic skull base surgery. Laryngoscope 113(Suppl 60):45–54

    Google Scholar 

  49. Netterville JL, Jackson CG, Miller FR, Wanamaker JR, Glasscock ME (1998) Vagal paraganglioma: a review of 46 patients treated during a 20-year period. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124:1133–1140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jackson CG (2001) Glomus tympanicum and glomus jugulare tumors. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 34:941–970

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bielamowicz S, Gupta A, Sekhar LN (2000) Early arytenoid adduction for vagal paralysis after skull base surgery. Laryngoscope 110:346–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Paulsen FP, Rudert HH, Tillman BN (1999) New insights into the pathomechanism of postintubation arytenoid subluxation. Anesthesiology 91:659–666

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Paulsen FP, Jungman K, Tillmann BN (2000) The cricoarytenoid joint capsule and its relevance to endotyracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 90:180–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Cavo JW (1985) True vocal cord paralysis following intubation. Laryngoscope 95:1352–1359

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Brandwein M, Abramson AL, Shikowitz MJ (1986) Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following intubation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 112:877–882

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Salman M, Potter M, Ethel M, Myint F (2004) Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: a complication of central venous catheterization — a case report. Angiology 55:345–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Martin-Hirsch DP, Newbegin CJ (1995) Right vocal fold paralysis as a result of central venous catheterization. J Laryngol Otol 109:1107–1108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hillstrom RP, Cohn AM, McCarroll KA (1990) Vocal cord paralysis resulting from neck injections in the intravenous drug use population. Laryngoscope 100:503–506

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Raz S, Ramanathan V (1984) Injection injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Laryngoscope 94:197–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sofferman RA, Haisch CE, Kirchner JA, Hardin NJ (1990) The nasogastric tube syndrome. Laryngoscope 100:962–968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ibuki T, Ando N, Tanaka Y (1994) Vocal cord paralysis associated with difficult gastric tube insertion. Can J Anaesth 41:431–434

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Friedman M, Toriumi DM (1989) Esophageal stethoscope. Another possible cause of vocal cord paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:95–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Chaudhry MR, Akhtar S (1995) Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 57:48–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Takimoto T, Saito Y, Suzuki M, Nishimura T (1991) Radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy: hypoglossal and vocal cord palsies. J Laryngol Otol 105:44–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lin YS, Jen YM, Lin JC (2002) Radiation-related cranial nerve palsy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 95:404–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Johansson S, Svensson H, Denekamp J (2000) Timescale of evolution of late radiation injury after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48:745–750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Johansson S, Lofroth DO, Denekamp J (2001) Left sided vocal cord paralysis: a newly recognized late complication of mediastinal irradiation. Radiother Oncol 58:287–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Craswell PW (1978) Vocal cord paresis following radioactive iodine therapy. J Nucl Med 19:975–976

    Google Scholar 

  69. Snyder S (1978) Vocal cord paralysis after radioiodine therapy. J Nucl Med 19:975–976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Robson AM (1981) Vocal cord paralysis after treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioiodine. Br J Radiol 54:632

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Anghelescu DL, De Armendi AJ, Thompson JW, Sillos EM, Pui CH, Sandlund JT (2002) Vincristine-induced vocal cord paralysis in an infant. Paediatr Anaesth 12:168–170

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Taha H, Irfan S, Krishnamurthy M (1999) Cisplatin induced reversible bilateral vocal cord paralysis: an undescribed complication of cisplatin. Head Neck 21:78–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ryan SP, DelPrete SA, Weinstein PW, Erichson RB, Bar MH, Lo KM, Cohen NS, Tepler I (1999) Lowdose vincristine-associated bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Conn Med 63:583–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Burns BV, Shotton JC (1998) Vocal fold palsy following vinca alkaloid treatment. J Laryngol Otol 112:485–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Delaney P (1982) Vincristine-induced laryngeal nerve paralysis. Neurology 32:1285–1288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. da Silva HJ, Sanmuganathan PS, Senanayake N (1994) Isolated bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: a delayed complication of organophosphorus poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 13:171–173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Thompson JW, Stocks RM (1997) Brief bilateral vocal cord paralysis after insecticide poisoning. A new variant of toxicity syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123:93–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Netterville JL, Stone RE, Luken ES, Civantos FJ, Ossoff RH (1993) Silastic medialization and arytenoid adduction: the Vanderbilt experience. A review of 116 phonosurgical procedures. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102:413–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Meral M, Akgun M, Kaynar H, Mirici A, Gorguner M, Saglam L, Erdogan F (2004) Mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to mycobacterial infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 57:124–126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Rafay MA (2000) Tuberculous lymphadenopathy of superior mediastinum causing vocal cord paralysis. Ann Thorac Surg 70:2142–2143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ishii H, Muto J, Kamei T, Harada O, Yasuoka Y (1971) Inflammatory paralysis of the larynx. Jpn J Otol Tokyo 74:1562–1571

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Thirlwall AS (1997) Ortner’s syndrome: a centenary review of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to cardiothoracic disease. J Laryngol Otol 111:869–871

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Charbel S, Sargi Z, Rassi B (2004) Cardiovocal syndrome: a rare case of painless aortic dissection presenting as isolated dysphonia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:332–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Woodson GE, Kendrick B (1989) Laryngeal paralysis as the presenting sign of aortic trauma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:1100–1102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lardinois D, Gugger M, Balmer MC, Ris HB (1999) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy associated with silicosis. Eur Respir J 14:720–722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Venketasubramanian N, Seshadri R, Chee N (1999) Vocal cord paresis in acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 9:157–162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Sulica L, Blitzer A, Lovelace RE, Kaufmann P. Vocal fold paresis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001 Nov;110(11):1072–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Driscoll BP, Gracco C, Coelho C, Goldstein J, Oshima K, Tierney E, Sasaki CT (1995) Laryngeal function in postpolio patients. Laryngoscope 105:35–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Cannon S, Ritter FN (1987) Vocal cord paralysis in postpoliomyelitis syndrome. Laryngoscope 97:981–983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Schroeter V, Belz GG, Blenk H (1988) Paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve in Lyme disease. Lancet 2:1245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Wu CL, Linne OC, Chiang CW (2004) Herpes zoster laryngis with prelaryngeal skin erythema. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 113:113–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Nishizaki K, Onoda K, Akagi H, Yuen K, Ogawa T, Masuda Y (1997) Laryngeal zoster with unilateral laryngeal paralysis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 59:235–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Randel RC, Kearns DB, Nespeca MP, Scher CA, Sawyer MH (1996) Vocal cord paralysis as a presentation of intrauterine infection with Varicella zoster virus. Pediatrics 97:127–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Rothschild MA, Drake W III, Scherl M (1994) Cephalic zoster with laryngeal paralysis. Ear Nose Throat J 73:850–852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Bachor E, Bonkowsky V, Hacki T (1996) Herpes simplex virus type I reactivation as a cause of a unilateral temporary paralysis of the vagus nerve. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 253:297–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Pou A, Carrau RL (1995) Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis in association with herpes simplex infection: a case report. Am J Otolaryngol 16:216–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Parano E, Pavone L, Musumeci S, Giambusso F, Trifiletti RR (1996) Acute palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve complicating Epstein-Barr virus infection. Neuropediatrics 27:164–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Small PM, McPhaul LW, Sooy CD, Wofsy CB, Jacobson MA (1989) Cytomegalovirus infection of the laryngeal nerve presenting as hoarseness in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 86:108–110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Fex S, Elmqvist D (1973) Endemic recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis. Acta Otolaryngol 75:368–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hefter E, Bildstein P (1970) Endemieartiges Auftreten von Rekurrensparesen im Winter 1969/70. Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol 49:787

    Google Scholar 

  101. Wirth G, Leypoldt R (1970) Gehäuftes Auftreten von Stimmbandlähmung während der Grippeepidemie im Winter 1969/70. Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol 49:777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Ishii K, Adachi H, Tsubaki K, Ohta Y, Yamamoto M, Ino T (2004) Evaluation of recurrent nerve paralysis due to thoracic aortic aneurysm and aneurysm repair. Laryngoscope 114:2176–2181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. León X, Venegas MP, Orús C, Quer M, Maranillo E, Sañudo JR (2001) Inmovilidad glótica: Estudio retrospectivo de 229 casos. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 52:486–492

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Havas T, Lowinger D, Priestly J (1999) Unilateral vocal fold paralysis: causes, options and outcomes. Aust N Z J Surg 69:509–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Williams RG (1959) Idiopathic recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. J Laryngol Otol 73:161–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Postma GN, Shockley WW (1998) Transient vocal fold immobility. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:236–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Aldoori MI, Baird RN (1988) Local neurological complication during carotid endarterectomy. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 29(4):432–436

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Ballotta E, Da Giau G, Renon L, Narne S, Saladini M, Abbruzzese E, Meneghetti G (1999) Cranial and cervical nerve injuries after carotid endarterectomy: a prospective study. Surgery 125:85–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Benninger MS, Crumley RL, Ford CN et al. (1994) Evaluation and treatment of the unilateral paralyzed vocal fold. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 111:497–508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Bergamaschi R, Becouarn G, Ronceray J, Arnaud JP (1998) Morbidity of thyroid surgery. Am J Surg 176:71–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Bertalanffy H, Eggert HR (1989) Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 99:41–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Beutler WJ, Sweeney CA, Connolly PJ (2001) Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury with anterior cervical spine surgery risk with laterality of surgical approach. Spine 26:1337–1342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Blau JN, Kapadia R (1972) Idiopathic palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a transient cranial mononeuropathy. Br Med J 4:259–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Bron LP, O’Brien CJ (2004) Total thyroidectomy for clinically benign disease of the thyroid gland. Br J Surg 91:569–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Chow TL, Chu W, Lim BH, Kwok SP (2001) Outcomes and complications of thyroid surgery: retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 7:261–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Clerf LH (1953) Unilateral vocal cord paralysis. J Am Med Assoc 151:900–903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Cunning DS (1955) Unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 64:487–494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Cunningham EJ, Bond R, Mayberg MR, Warlow CP, Rothwell PM (2004) Risk of persistent cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg 101:445–448

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Curran AJ, Smyth D, Sheehan SJ, Joyce W, Hayes DB, Walsh MA (1997) Recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy. J R Coll Surg Edinb 42:168–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Dehn TC, Taylor GW (1983) Cranial and cervical nerve damage associated with carotid endarterectomy. Br J Surg 70:365–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Espinoza FI, MacGregor FB, Doughty JC, Cooke LD (1999) Vocal fold paralysis following carotid endarterectomy. J Laryngol Otol 113:439–441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Ferguson GG, Eliasziw M, Barr HW, Clagett GP, Barnes RW, Wallace MC, Taylor DW, Haynes RB, Finan JW, Hachinski VC, Barnett HJ (1999) The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke 30:1751–1758

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Forssell C, Kitzing P, Bergqvist D (1995) Cranial nerve injuries after carotid artery surgery. A prospective study of 663 operations. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 10:445–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Friguglietti CU, Lin CS, Kulcsar MA (2003) Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease. Laryngoscope 113:1820–1826

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Goncalves Filho J, Kowalski LP (2005) Surgical complications after thyroid surgery performed in a cancer hospital. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:490–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Hagan PJ (1963) Vocal cord paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 72:206–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Herranz-Gonzalez J, Gavilan J, Matinez-Vidal J, Gavilan C (1991) Complications following thyroid surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:516–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Hertzer NR, Feldman BJ, Beven EG, Tucker HM (1980) A prospective study of the incidence of injury to the cranial nerves during carotid endarterectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 151:781–784

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Hughes CA, Troost S, Miller S, Troost T (2000) Unilatearl true vocal fold paralysis: cause of right-sided lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:678–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Ignjatovic M, Cuk V, Ozegovic A, Cerovic S, Kostic Z, Romic P (2003) Early complications in surgical treatment of thyroid diseases: analysis of 2100 patients. Acta Chir Iugosl 50:155–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Indudharan R, Win MN, Noor AR (1998) Laryngeal paralysis in organophosphorous poisoning. J Laryngol Otol 112:81–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Muller MG, Wette VM (1994) Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operations: principal nerve identification and a literature review. Surgery 115:139–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Kasemsuwan L, Nubthuenetr S (1997) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: a complication of thyroidectomy. J Otolaryngol 26:365–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Kearsley JH (1981) Vocal cord paralysis: an aetiologic review of 100 cases over 20 years. Aust N Z J Med 11:663–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Kelchner LN, Stemple JC, Gerdeman B, LeBorgne W, Adam S (1999) Etiology, pathophysiology, treatment choices and voice results for unilateral adductor vocal fold paralysis: a 3-year retrospective. J Voice 13:592–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Maisel RH, Ogura JH (1974) Evaluation and treatment of vocal cord paralysis. Laryngoscope 84:302–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Maniglia AJ, Han DP (1991) Cranial nerve injuries following carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of 336 procedures. Head Neck 13:121–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Maroulis J, Karkanevatos A, Papakostas K, Gilling-Smith GL, McCormick MS, Harris PL (2000) Cranial nerve dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy. Int Angiol 19:237–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Martensson H, Terins J (1985) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in thyroid gland surgery related to operations and nerves at risk. Arch Surg 120:475–477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Massey EW, Heyman A, Utley C, Haynes C, Fuchs J (1984) Cranial nerve paralysis following carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 15:157–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Moulton-Barrett R, Crumley R, Jalilie S, Segina D, Allison G, Marshak D, Chan E (1997) Complications of thyroid surgery. Int Surg 82:63–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Myssiorek D (2004) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: anatomy and etiology. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 37:25–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. New GB, Childrey JH (1932) Paralysis of the vocal cords: a study of two hundred and seventeen medical cases. Arch Otolaryngol 16:143–159

    Google Scholar 

  144. Parnell FW, Brandenburg JH (1970) Vocal cord paralysis: a review of 100 cases. Laryngoscope 80:1036–1045

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Ramadan HH, Wax MK, Avery S (1998) Outcome and changing cause of unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118:199–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Rosato L, Avenia N, Bernante P, Palma M de, Gulino G, Nasi PG, Pelizzo MR, Pezzullo L (2004) Complications of thyroid surgery: analysis of a multicentric study on 14,934 patients operated on in Italy over 5 years. World J Surg 28:271–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Sannella NA, Tober RL, Cipro RP, Pedicino JF, Donovan E, Gabriel N (1990) Vocal cord paralysis following carotid endarterectomy: the paradox of return of function. Ann Vasc Surg 4:42–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Schauber MD, Fontenelle LJ, Solomon JW, Hanson TL (1997) Cranial/cervical nerve dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 25:481–487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Shindo ML, Sinha UK, Rice DH (1995) Safety of thyroidectomy in residency: a review of 186 consecutive cases. Laryngoscope 105:1173–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Smith AB, Lambert VF, Wallace HL (1933) Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a survey of 235 cases. Edinburgh Med J 40:344–354

    Google Scholar 

  151. Srirompotong S, Sae-Seow P, Srirompotong S (2001) The cause and evaluation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. J Med Assoc Thai 84:855–858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Suehs OW (1943) Paralysis of the larynx: a study of 270 cases. Texas State J Med 38:665–671

    Google Scholar 

  153. Terris DJ, Arnstein DP, Nguyen HH (1992) Contemporary evaluation of unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 107:84–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Theodotou B, Mahaley MS Jr (1985) Injury of the peripheral cranial nerves during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 16:894–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Tucker HM (1980) Vocal cord paralysis — 1979: etiology and management. Laryngoscope 585–590

    Google Scholar 

  156. Verhulst J, Lecoq M, Marraco M, Maurice C (1997) Paralysie recurrentielle idiopahtique: analyse retrospective de 67 cas. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 118:263–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Wagner HE, Seiler C (1994) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroid gland surgery. Br J Surg 81:226–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Willatt DJ, Stell PM (1989) The prognosis and management of idiopathic vocal cord paralysis. Clin Otolaryngol 14:247–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Woodson GE, Miller RH (1981) The timing of surgical intervention in vocal cord paralysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 89:264–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Yamada M, Hirano M, Ohkubo H (1983) Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. A 10-year review of 564 patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 10:S1–S15

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. León X, Venegas MP, Orús C, Quer M, Maranillo E, Sañudo JR (2001) Inmovilidad glótica: studio retrospective de 229 casos. Acta Otorrinolarimgol Esp 52:486–492

    Google Scholar 

  162. Havas T, Lowinger D, Priestly J (1999) Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: causes, options and outcomes. Aust N Z J Surg 69:509–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Work WP (1941) Paralysis and paresis of the vocal cords: a statistical review. Arch Otolaryngol 34:267–280

    Google Scholar 

  164. Parnell FW, Brandenburg JH (1970) Vocal cord paralysis: a review of 100 cases. Laryngoscope 80:1036–1045

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Dener C (2002) Complication rates after operations for benign thyroid disease. Acta Otolaryngol. 122:679–683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Ley PB, Roberts JW, Symmonds RE Jr, Hendricks JC, Snyder SK, Frazee RC, Smith RW, McKenney JF, Brindley GV Jr (1993) Safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a 20-year review. Am Surg 59:110–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Knight FW, Yeager RM, Morris DM (1987) Cranial nerve injuries during carotid endarterectomy. Am J Surg 154:529–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA

    Lucian Sulica MD (Assistant Professor)

  2. Private Practice, Vorhees, NJ, USA

    Anthony Cultrara MD (Attending Physician)

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA

    Andrew Blitzer MD, DDS (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director)

  4. NY Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, New York, USA

    Andrew Blitzer MD, DDS (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director)

Authors
  1. Lucian Sulica MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anthony Cultrara MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew Blitzer MD, DDS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

    Lucian Sulica MD (Assistant Professor) (Assistant Professor)

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York

    Andrew Blitzer MD, DDS (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director) (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director)

  3. NY Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, New York, New York

    Andrew Blitzer MD, DDS (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director) (Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology and Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sulica, L., Cultrara, A., Blitzer, A. (2006). Vocal Fold Paralysis: Causes, Outcomes, and Clinical Aspects. In: Sulica, L., Blitzer, A. (eds) Vocal Fold Paralysis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32504-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32504-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23765-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32504-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation