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Neural Control of Hand Muscles During Prehension

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Progress in Motor Control

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 629))

Abstract

In the past two decades a large number of studies have successfully characterized important features of the kinetics and kinematics of object grasping and manipulation, providing significant insight into how the Central Nervous System (CNS) controls the hand, one of the most complex motor systems, in a variety of behaviors. In this chapter we briefly review studies of hand kinematics and kinetics and highlight their major findings and open questions. The major focus of this chapter is on the neural control of the hand, an objective that has been pursued by studies on electromyography (EMG) of hand muscles. Here we review what has been learned through different yet complementary methodological approaches. In particular, the study of single motor unit activity has revealed how the distribution of common neural input within and across hand muscles might reflect a muscle-pair specific organization. Studies of motor unit population have revealed important synergistic patterns of muscle activity while also revealing muscle-pair specific patterns of neural coupling. We conclude the chapter with the results of recent simulation studies aiming at combining advantages of single and multi-unit recordings to maximize the amount of information that can be extracted from EMG signal analysis.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that researchers have used a variety of measures to quantify the strength of motor unit synchrony in the time domain. Most of these measures, such as CIS (Nordstrom et al., 1992) and k’ (Ellaway and Murthy, 1985), are derived from counting the number of correlated events (spikes) occurring within short time window (e.g., ± 20 ms) centered at zero above the counts that can be ascribed to chance. Alternative measures of correlated motor unit activity have also been used in the literature (e.g., ‘common drive’; DeLuca et al., 1982, 1993).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA

    Marco Santello

Authors
  1. Jamie A. Johnston
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  2. Sara A. Winges
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  3. Marco Santello
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Santello .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Dagmar Sternad (Dr) (Dr)

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Johnston, J.A., Winges, S.A., Santello, M. (2009). Neural Control of Hand Muscles During Prehension. In: Sternad, D. (eds) Progress in Motor Control. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 629. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77064-2_31

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