Skip to main content

Employer Attitudes Towards Accommodations in Mental Health Disability

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health

Abstract

It has been almost a decade since the World Health Organization brought to light the impact of mental health disorders worldwide (WHO, 2001). The report states that mental health disorders are one of the ten leading causes of disability and account for 10.5% of the global burden of all illness (Standing Senate committe, 2004). Moreover, depression alone constitutes the second highest burden of disease worldwide (Murray and Lopez 1996). The costs associated with mental health ­disabilities are rising and are predicted to continue in this fashion. The aggregate yearly cost of mental health disabilities constitutes about 2.5% of the Gross National Product (GNP) (WHO 2001). Furthermore, estimated costs to the U.S. economy reached $47.4 billion by 1992 (Rice et al. 1992). Clearly, mental health disabilities are prevalent and costly (as described in the chapter by Dewa and McDaid 2010, this volume which provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and economic impact of mental health disorders in the workplace).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akabas SH (1994) Workplace responsiveness: Key employer characteristics in support of job maintenance for people with mental illness. Psychosoc Rehabil J 17(3):91–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H et al (2004) Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 109(Suppl 420):21–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin ML, Marcus SC (2010) Stigma, discrimination, and employment outcomes among ­persons with mental health disabilities. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 53–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender A, Kennedy S (2004) Mental health and mental illness in the workplace: Diagnostic and treatment issues. Healthc Pap 5(2):54–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa CS, McDaid D (2010) Investing in the mental health of the labour force: Epidemiological and economic impact of mental health disabilities in the workplace. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 33–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Diksa E, Rogers SE (1996) Employer concerns about hiring persons with psychiatric disability: Results of the Employer Attitude Questionnaire. Rehabil Couns Bull 40(1):31–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettner SL, Frank RG, Kessler RC (1997) The impact of psychiatric disorders on labour market outcomes. Ind Labour Relat Rev 51(1):64–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallie KA, Schultz IZ, Winter A (2010) Company-level interventions in mental health. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 295–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates LB, Akabas SH (2010) Inclusion of people with mental health disabilities into the ­workplace: Accommodation as a social process. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 375–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert M, Myette L (2003) Depression in the workplace: Shared costs and responsibilities. Rehabil Rev 24(7):13–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnam WH (2005) The prediction of occupational disability related to depressive and anxiety disorders. In: Schultz IZ, Gatchel RJ (eds) Handbook of complex occupational disability claims. Early risk identification, intervention, and prevention. Springer, New York, pp 371–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg RJ, Steury S (2001) Depression in the workplace: Costs and barriers to treatment. Psychiatr Serv 52(12):1639–1643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldner E, Bilsker D, Gilbert M, Myette L, Corbière M, Dewa CS (2004) Disability management, return to work and treatment. Healthc Pap 5(2):76–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graffam J, Shinkfield A, Smith K, Polzin U (2002) Factors that influence employer decisions in hiring and retaining an employee with a disability. J Vocat Rehabil 17(3):175–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood R, Johnson VA (1987) Employer perspectives on workers with disabilities. J Rehabil 53:37–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnois G, Gabriel P (2000) Mental health and work: Impact, issues and good practices. Joint publication of the WHO and the International Labour Organization [ILO]. WHO/ILO, Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins JH, Carpenter-Song EA (2009) Awareness of stigma among persons with schizophrenia: marking the contexts of lived experience. J Nerv Ment Dis 197(7):520–529

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirsh B, Gewurtz R (2010) Organizational culture and work issues for individuals with mental health disabilities. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 393–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupa T, Kirsh B, Gerwurtz R, Cockburn L (2005) Improving the employment prospects of people with serious mental illness: Five challenges for a national mental health strategy. [Special electronic supplement on mental health reform for the 21st century in partnership with the School of Policy Studies and with the Centre for Health Services and Policy Research of Queen’s University, Kingston, ON]. Canadian Public Policy, 31(Suppl.):60–63. Retrieved March 11, 2010, from http://economics.ca/cgi/jab?journal=cpp&view=v31s1/CPPv31s1p059.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusznir A (2001) Understanding return to work challenges with depression. Paper presented at the second Annual National Symposium of the National Institute of Disability Management and Research, Ottawa, Ontario

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim D, Sanderson K, Andrews G (2000) Lost productivity among full-time workers with mental disorders. J Ment Health Policy Econ 3:139–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFarlin DB, Song J, Sonntag M (1991) Integrating the disabled into the work force: A survey of Fortune 500 company attitudes and practices. Employee Responsib Rights J 4(2):107–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray CJL, Lopez AD (1996) The global burden of disease. WHO. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsheski JA, Rosenthal DA, Hamilton M (2002) Disability management and psychosocial rehabilitation: Considerations for integration. Work 198:63–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS (1992) The economic burden of mental disorder. Hosp Community Psychiatry 43(2):1227–1232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz IZ, Rogers ES, Krupa T (2010) Towards best practices in accommodating and retaining persons with mental health disabilities at work: Answered and unanswered questions. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 353–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (2004) Mental health, mental disorder and addiction: Overview of policies and programs in Canada (Report 1 of 3). Government Printing Office, Ottawa, ON

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D (2003) Cost of lost productive work time among U.S. workers with depression. J Am Med Assoc 289(23):3135–3144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JL (2010) Mental health literacy and stigma associated with depression in the working population. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (eds) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 341–352

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization [WHO] (2001) The World Health Report 2001. Mental health: new understanding, new hope. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuberbier OA, Schultz IZ (2007) Mental disorders and the Canadian workplace: Epidemiological estimates of rates of disorders in Canada. Unpublished manuscript

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This chapter was informed by the research report for a project funded by Social Development Canada, “Towards Evidence-Informed Best Practice Guidelines for Job Accommodations for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Izabela Z. Schultz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schultz, I.Z., Milner, R.A., Hanson, D.B., Winter, A. (2011). Employer Attitudes Towards Accommodations in Mental Health Disability. In: Schultz, I., Rogers, E. (eds) Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0428-7_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0428-7_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0427-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0428-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics