The Deep Structure of Confucianism

Hwang, Kwang-Kuo

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1439-1_5

Kwang-Kuo Hwang²

Part of the book series: International and Cultural Psychology ((ICUP,volume 1))

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Abstract

Following the principle of cultural psychology: “one mind, many mentalities” (Shweder et al. 1998), this chapter used Hwang’s (Am J Sociol 92(4), 944–974, 1987) Face and Favor model as a framework to analyze Confucianism and to explain how it accounts for the ethics of ordinary people, i.e., the ethical system of benevolence–righteousness–property, which emphasizes the principle of respecting the superior as procedural justice and the principle of favoring the intimate as distributive justice. Confucian conception of destiny requests everyone to cultivate oneself with respect to humanity, while it endows scholars with a mission to benefit the world with the way of humanity and urges them to utilize their knowledge to serve the community beyond their family. Both Confucian ethics for scholars and for ordinary people are supposed to be ideal which can be used as cultural theories for studying people’s mentalities on the psychological level in Chinese society.

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Notes

1.
Tao Te Ching, Chap. 23.
2.
Ibid, Chap. 37.
3.
Ibid, Yung Yey: Chap. XX.
4.
Ibid, Hsien Tsin: Chap. XI.
5.
Ibid, Yung Yey: Chap. XX.
6.
The Works of Mencius, Tsin Sin, Part I: Chap. I.
7.
Ibid, Tsin Sin PartI: Chap. II.
8.
I Ching, Appendix I.
9.
I Ching, Heng, Chap. 32.
10.
Li Chi, Chap. 27; Ai Gong Wen.
11.
Ibid, Chap. XXVI.
12.
Ibid, Chap. XXV.
13.
Ibid, Chap. XXIII.
14.
The Golden Mean, Chap. XX.
15.
The Golden Mean, Chap. XXII
16.
Hsun Tze: Concerning heaven.
17.
Ibid, On the rectification of terms.
18.
Ibid, The removal of prejudices.
19.
Ibid, On honor and shame.
20.
Ibid, That the nature is evil.
21.
Ibid.
22.
Ibid.
23.
Ibid.
24.
I-Ching: The Great appendix, Section 1.
25.
Ibid, That the nature is evil.
26.
The Golden Mean: Chapter XX.
27.
The Works of Mencius, T’ãng Wãn Kung, Part I: Chap. IV.
28.
Ibid, Kung-sun Ch’âu, part II: Chap. II.
29.
Li Chi, Chapter 9Li Yun.
30.
The Analects, Yen Yuan: Chap. XXII.
31.
Ibid, Yung Yey: Chap. XXVIII.
32.
Ibid, Yung yey: Chap. XXVIII.
33.
The Works of Mencius, Lî Lâu: Chap. XXVII.
34.
Ibid, King Hui of Liang, Part I.
35.
Ibid, Lî Lâu: Chap. XIX.
36.
The Analects, Hsio R: Chap. VI.
37.
Ibid, Hsio R: Chap. II.
38.
The Works of Mencius, Kâo Tsze: Chap. XI.
39.
Ibid, Lî Lâu: Chap. X.
40.
Ibid, Lî Lâu: Chap. XXVII.
41.
Ibid, Tang Wang Kung, Part II: Chap. IX.
42.
Ibid, Tsin sin, Part I: Chap. XIV.
43.
Ibid, Tsin Sin, Part II: Chap. I.
44.
The Analects, Tsze-lû: Chap. III.
45.
The Analects, Yang Ho: Chap. XI.
46.
Ibid, Wei Ling Kung: Chap. XVII.
47.
Ibid, Pâ Yih: Chap. III.
48.
The Great Learning, Chap. I.
49.
The Golden Mean, Chap. XX.
50.
The Doctrine of The Mean. Chap. XX.
51.
The Analects, Hsien Wãn: Chap. XXX.
52.
Ibid, Hsio R, Chap.I.
53.
Ibid, Shû R: Chap. II.
54.
Ibid, Shû R: Chap. XIX.
55.
Ibid, Shû R: Chap. XXI.
56.
Ibid, Shû R: Chap. XVIII.
57.
The Golden Mean, Chap. XX.
58.
The Analects, Yung Yey. Chap. XVIII.
59.
Ibid, T’âi-Po. Chap. XVIII.
60.
Ibid, Yung Yey: Chap. XXV
61.
Ibid, Tsze-Chang: Chap. V.
62.
Ibid, Wei Chang: Chap. XI.
63.
Ibid, Wei Chang: Chap. XV.
64.
Ibid, Wei Ling Kung: Chap. II.
65.
The Analects, Wei Chang: Chap. XIII.
66.
Ibid, Tsze-Lû: Chap. III.
67.
The Works of Mencius, Kâo Tsze PartI: Chap. VI.
68.
Ibid, Tsin Sin: Part I: Chap. XV.
69.
Ibid, King Hûi of Liang, Part I: Chap. VII.
70.
Ibid, T’ãng Wãn Kung, Part I: Chap. I.
71.
Hsun Tze, Self-cultivation.
72.
Ibid, An encouragement to study.
73.
The Analects, Hsien Wan: Chap. XXIX.
74.
Ibid, Le Jin: Chap. XXII.
75.
The Works of Mencius, Tsin Sin, Part I: Chap. VI.
76.
Ibid, Tsin Sin, Part I: Chap. VII.
77.
The Analects, Le Jin: Chap. IX.
78.
Ibid, Tsze Han: Chap. XXVI.
79.
The Works of Mencius, Wan Chang, Part II: Chap. V.
80.
Ibid, Lî Lâu: Chap. XVIII.
81.
The Analects, Yung Yey: Chap. XI.
82.
The Analects, Le Jin: Chap. XVI.
83.
Ibid, Le Jin: Chap. XI.
84.
Ibid, Wei Ling Kung: Chap. I.
85.
Ibid, Yen Yüan: Chap. XVI.
86.
Ibid, Tsze-Lû: Chap. XXIII.
87.
Ibid, Wei Chang: Chap. XIV.
88.
Ibid, Tsze-Lû: Chap. XXVI.
89.
The Analects, Wei Ling Kung: Chap. XXVIII.
90.
Ibid, Le Jin: Chap. XIII.
91.
Ibid, T’âi-Po: Chap. VII.
92.
The Works of Mencius, Tsin Sin, Part I: Chap. IX.
93.
Ibid, Tsin Sin PartI: Chap. IX.
94.
Ibid, T’ang Wan Kung, Part II: Chap. II.
95.
A Classificatory Record of Chu Tze’s Word’s, Vol. 33. (in Chinese).
96.
The Works of Mencius, Lî Lâu, Part II: Chap. III.
97.
Ibid, Lî Lâu, Part II: Chap. IX.
98.
Ibid, Lî Lâu PartII: Chap. V.
99.
Ibid, Lî Lâu, Part II: Chap. XX.
100.
Ibid, Kâo Tsze, Part II: Chap. VIII.
101.
Ibid, Lî Lâu, Part II: Chap. III.
102.
The Hsiao Ching: The duty of correction.
103.
The Analects, Le Jin: Chap. XVIII.
104.
The Works of Mencius, Wan Chang, Part II: Chap. IX.
105.
Ibid, Tsin Sin, Part II: Chap. XIV.
106.
Ibid, King Hui of Liang, Part II: Chap. VIII.

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Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Kwang-Kuo Hwang

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Hwang, KK. (2012). The Deep Structure of Confucianism. In: Foundations of Chinese Psychology. International and Cultural Psychology, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1439-1_5

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1439-1_5
Published: 21 October 2011
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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