Skip to main content

Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Tumor Angiogenesis Assays

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1464))

Abstract

There is biological and clinical evidence that mammalian tumors are highly heterogeneous at single-cell level, and that only a minority of the cancer cells have limitless replicative potential in vitro and in vivo. Here we review the different strategies currently used for the functional isolation of cancer cells with in vivo cancer initiation potential and self-renewal. These tools are currently used to better define their molecular, phenotypic, and drug-resistance characteristics in preclinical and clinical studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Marusyk A, Polyak K (2010) Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta 1805:105–117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Singh AK, Arya RK, Maheshwari S, Singh A, Meena S, Pandey P, Dormond O, Datta D (2015) Tumor heterogeneity and cancer stem cell paradigm: updates in concept, controversies and clinical relevance. Int J Cancer 136:1991–2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL (2001) Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414:105–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ribatti D (2012) Cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 321:13–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Martin-Padura I, Marighetti P, Agliano A, Colombo F, Larzabal L, Redrado M, Bleau AM, Prior C, Bertolini F, Calvo A (2012) Residual dormant cancer stem-cell foci are responsible for tumor relapse after antiangiogenic metronomic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. Lab Invest 92:952–966

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dawood S, Austin L, Cristofanilli M (2014) Cancer stem cells: implications for cancer therapy. Oncology 28:1101–1107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, Murdoch B, Hoang T, Caceres-Cortes J, Minden M, Paterson B, Caligiuri MA, Dick JE (1994) A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 367:645–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:3983–3988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Fang D, Nguyen TK, Leishear K, Finko R, Kulp AN, Hotz S, Van Belle PA, Xu X, Elder DE, Herlyn M (2005) A tumorigenic subpopulation with stem cell properties in melanomas. Cancer Res 65:9328–9337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J, Dirks PB (2003) Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 63:5821–5828

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Di Virgilio A, Conticello C, Ruco L, Peschle C, De Maria R (2008) Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ 15:504–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C, Stower MJ, Maitland NJ (2005) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 65:10946–10951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bapat SA, Mali AM, Koppikar CB, Kurrey NK (2005) Stem and progenitor-like cells contribute to the aggressive behavior of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 65:3025–3029

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Zimmerlin L, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD (2011) Rare event detection and analysis in flow cytometry: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, breast cancer stem/progenitor cells in malignant effusions, and pericytes in disaggregated adipose tissue. Methods Mol Biol 699:251–273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tirino V, Desiderio V, d’Aquino R, De Francesco F, Pirozzi G, Graziano A, Galderisi U, Cavaliere C, De Rosa A, Papaccio G, Giordano A (2008) Detection and characterization of CD133+ cancer stem cells in human solid tumours. PLoS One 3:e3469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Hadnagy A, Gaboury L, Beaulieu R, Balicki D (2006) SP analysis may be used to identify cancer stem cell populations. Exp Cell Res 312:3701–3710

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Song J, Chang I, Chen Z, Kang M, Wang CY (2010) Characterization of side populations in HNSCC: highly invasive, chemoresistant and abnormal Wnt signaling. PLoS One 5:e11456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Ma I, Allan AL (2011) The role of human aldehyde dehydrogenase in normal and cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Rev 7:292–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Storms RW, Trujillo AP, Springer JB, Shah L, Colvin OM, Ludeman SM, Smith C (1999) Isolation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors on the basis of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:9118–9123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu JC, Deng T, Lehal RS, Kim J, Zacksenhaus E (2007) Identification of tumorsphere- and tumor-initiating cells in HER2/Neu-induced mammary tumors. Cancer Res 67:8671–8681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhong Y, Guan K, Guo S, Zhou C, Wang D, Ma W, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang S (2010) Spheres derived from the human SK-RC-42 renal cell carcinoma cell line are enriched in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 299:150–160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tirino V, Desiderio V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Papaccio F, La Noce M, Laino L, De Francesco F, Papaccio G (2013) Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization. FASEB J 27:13–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Greve B, Kelsch R, Spaniol K, Eich HT, Götte M (2012) Flow cytometry in cancer stem cell analysis and separation. Cytometry A 81:284–293

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dean M, Fojo T, Bates S (2005) Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 5:275–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Golebiewska A, Brons NH, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP (2011) Critical appraisal of the side population assay in stem cell and cancer stem cell research. Cell Stem Cell 8:136–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sládek NE (2003) Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: potential pathological, pharmacological, and toxicological impact. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:7–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Supported in part by AIRC (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro), Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, and Ministero della Salute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco Bertolini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Orecchioni, S., Bertolini, F. (2016). Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells. In: Ribatti, D. (eds) Tumor Angiogenesis Assays. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1464. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3999-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3999-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3997-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3999-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics