Skip to main content

Normalization of MicroRNA Quantitative RT-PCR Data in Reduced Scale Experimental Designs

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
MicroRNAs and the Immune System

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 667))

Abstract

Proper normalization of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data is a crucial component of gene ­expression analysis. Although arbitrarily selected housekeeping genes have been used to normalize many published mRNA RT-PCR datasets, there is a growing awareness that such normalizers should be first validated empirically. The use of stable reference genes is particularly needed for qRT-PCR of microRNA (miRNA), which represent a novel class of biological regulators whose aberrant expression is associated with a range of disorders. Changes in miRNA levels can be modest, and yet have profound cellular consequences. As a result, precise measurements of miRNA expression are critically important. This chapter describes a detailed workflow for the selection of endogenous normalizers using the NormFinder algorithm, ­resulting in more accurate miRNA expression profiling results. This approach is particularly well suited to smaller scale miRNA qRT-PCR experimental designs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Peltier, H. J., and Latham, G. J. (2008) Normalization of microRNA expression levels in quantitative RT-PCR assays: identification of suitable reference RNA targets in normal and cancerous human solid tissues. RNA 14, 844–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mestdagh, P., Van Vlierberghe, P., De Weer, A., Muth, D., Westermann, F., Speleman, F., and Vandesompele, J. (2009) A novel and universal method for microRNA RT-qPCR data normalization. Genome Biol 10, R64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Davison, T. S., Johnson, C. D., and Andruss, B. F. (2006) Analyzing micro-RNA expression using microarrays. Methods Enzymol 411, 14–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Liang, Y., Ridzon, D., Wong, L., and Chen, C. (2007) Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in normal human tissues. BMC Genomics 8, 166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bustin, S. A., Benes, V., Garson, J. A., Hellemans, J., Huggett, J., Kubista, M., Mueller, R., Nolan, T., Pfaffl, M. W., Shipley, G. L., Vandesompele, J., and Wittwer, C. T. (2009) The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin Chem 55, 611–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Andersen, C. L., Jensen, J. L., and Orntoft, T. F. (2004) Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: a model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets. Cancer Res 64, 5245–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Davoren, P. A., McNeill, R. E., Lowery, A. J., Kerin, M. J., and Miller, N. (2008) Identification of suitable endogenous control genes for microRNA gene expression anal­-ysis in human breast cancer. BMC Mol Biol 9, 76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Livak, K. J., and Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 25, 402–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Doleshal, M., Magotra, A. A., Choudhury, B., Cannon, B. D., Labourier, E., and Szafranska, A. E. (2008) Evaluation and validation of total RNA extraction methods for microRNA expression analyses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. J Mol Diagn 10, 203–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mestdagh, P., Feys, T., Bernard, N., Guenther, S., Chen, C., Speleman, F., and Vandesompele, J. (2008) High-throughput stem-loop RT-qPCR miRNA expression profiling using minute amounts of input RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 36, e143.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kubista, M., and Sindelka, R. (2007) The Prime technique: real-time PCR data analysis. G.I.T. Lab J 9–10, 33–5.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Latham, G.J. (2010). Normalization of MicroRNA Quantitative RT-PCR Data in Reduced Scale Experimental Designs. In: Monticelli, S. (eds) MicroRNAs and the Immune System. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 667. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-811-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-811-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-810-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-811-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics