Abstract
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy using the PPH-stapling device aims to resect and reduce the volume of prolapsing hemorrhoidal tissue and to restore it to its normal anatomical position within the anal canal. In contrast, the STARR procedure aims to produce a full-thickness resection of the lower rectum, removing the distal rectal redundancy which may manifest as a rectocele and/or internal rectal prolapse, alleviating symptoms of obstructed defecation. Currently, two staplers and two techniques exist for the performance of STARR. Like any surgical intervention, the success of stapled hemorrhoidopexy and STARR is related to careful patient selection. This chapter sets out the principles involved in patient selection for stapled hemorrhoidopexy and STARR and defines the appropriate indications and contraindications for each procedure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Goligher JC. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. 5th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1984
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy for the treatment of haemorrhoids: NICE technology appraisal guidance 128, 2007
Palimento D, Picchio M, Attanasio U, Lombardi A, Bambini C, Renda A. Stapled and open hemorrhoid-ectomy: randomized controlled trial of early results. World J Surg 2003; 27: 203–207
Smyth EF, Baker RP, Wilken BJ, Hartley JE, White TJ, Monson JR. Stapled versus excision haemor-rhoidectomy: long-term follow up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1437–1438
Wilson MS, Pope V, Doran HE, Fearn SJ, Brough WA. Objective comparison of stapled anopexy and open hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rect 2002; 45: 1437–1444
Kanellos I, Angelopoulos S, Zacharakis E, Kanellos D, Pramateftakis MG, Blouhos K, et al. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy for haemorrhoids in combination with lateral internal sphincterotomy for fissure-in-ano. Eur Surg Res 2005; 37: 317–320
Maw A, Concepcion R, Eu KW, Seow-Choen F, Heah SM, Tang CL, et al. Prospective randomized study of bacteraemia in diathermy and stapled haem-orrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 2003; 90: 222–226
Ho YH, Seow-Choen F, Tsang C, Eu KW. Randomized trial assessing anal sphincter injuries after stapled haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1449–1455
Ganio E, Altomare DF, Gabrielli F, Milito G, Canuti S. Prospective randomized multicentre trial comparing stapled with open haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 669–674
Senagore AJ, Singer M, Abcarian H, Fleshman J, Corman M, Wexner S, et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial comparing stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Ferguson hemorrhoid-ectomy: perioperative and one-year results. Dis Colon Rect 2004; 47: 1824–1836
Thaha MA, Irvine LA, Steele RJ, Campbell KL. Postdefaecation pain syndrome after circular stapled anopexy is abolished by oral nifedipine. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 208–210
Rowsell M, Bello M, Hemingway DM. Circumferential mucosectomy (stapled haemor-rhoidectomy) versus conventional haemorrhoidec-tomy: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355: 779–781
Basdanis G, Papadopoulos VN, Michalopoulos A, Apostolidis S, Harlaftis N. Randomized clinical trial of stapled hemorrhoidectomy vs open with Ligasure for prolapsed piles. Surg Endoscopy 2005; 2: 235–239
Kairaluoma M, Nuorva K, Kellokumpu I. Day-case stapled (circular) vs. diathermy hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial evaluating surgical and functional outcome. Dis Colon Rect 2003; 46: 93–99
Chung CC, Cheung HY, Chan ES, Kwok SY, Li MK. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs. Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized trial. Dis Colon Rect 2005; 48: 1213–1219
Longman RJ, Thomson WH. A prospective study of outcome from rubber band ligation of piles. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8: 145–148
Kirsch JJ, Staude G, Herold A. The Longo and Milligan—Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. A prospective comparative study of 300 patients. Chirurg 2001; 72: 180–185
Lan P, Wu X, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhang L. The safety and efficacy of stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ten randomized control trials. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21: 172–178
Pavlidis T, Papaziogas B, Souparis A. Modern stapled Longo procedure vs. conventional Milligan— Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002; 17: 50–53
Hetzer FH, Demartines N, Handschin AE, Clavien PA. Stapled vs excision hemorrhoidectomy: long-term results of a prospective randomized trial. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 337–340
Cheetham MJ, Cohen CR, Kamm MA, Phillips RK. A randomized, controlled trial of diathermy hemor-rhoidectomy vs. stapled hemorrhoidectomy in an intended day-care setting with longer-term follow-up. Dis Colon Rect 2003; 46: 491–497
Shalaby R, Desoky A. Randomized clinical trial of stapled versus Milligan—Morgan haemorrhoidec-tomy. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1049–1053
Khalil KH, O'Bichere A, Sellu D. Randomized clinical trial of sutured versus stapled closed haemor-rhoidectomy. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 1352–1355
Van de SJ, D'Hoore A, Duinslaeger M, Chasse E, Penninckx F. Belgian Section of Colorectal Surgery Royal Belgian Society for Surgery. Long-term results after excision haemorrhoidectomy versus stapled haemorrhoidopexy for prolapsing haemorrhoids; a Belgian prospective randomized trial. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 2005; 105: 44–52
Lau PY, Meng WC, Yip AW. Stapled haemor-rhoidectomy in Chinese patients: a prospective randomised control study. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10: 373–377
Brown SR, Seow-Choen F. Stapled mucosectomy for acute throbosed circumferentially prolapsed piles: a prospective randomized comparison with conventional haemorrhoidectomy. Colorectal Dis 2001; 3: 175–178
Ortiz H, Marzo J, Armendariz P, de MM. Stapled hem-orrhoidopexy vs. diathermy excision for fourth-degree hemorrhoids: a randomized, clinical trial and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rect 2005; 48: 809–815
Au-Yong I, Rowsell M, Hemingway DM. Randomised controlled clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidec-tomy vs conventional haemorrhoidectomy; a three and a half year follow up. Colorectal Dis 2004; 6: 37–38
Gravie JF, Lehur PA, Huten N, Papillon M, Fantoli M, Descottes B, et al. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial with 2-year postoperative follow up. Ann Surg 2005; 242: 29–35
Picchio M, Palimento D, Attanasio U, Renda A. Stapled vs open hemorrhoidectomy: long-term outcome of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21: 668–669
Ortiz H, Marzo J, Armendariz P. Randomized clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus conventional diathermy haemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1376–1381
Schwandner O, Bruch HP. Significance of obstructed defaecation in haemorrhoidal disease: results of a prospective study. Coloproctol 2006; 28: 13–20
Papagrigoriadis S, Vardonikolaki A. Stapled anopexy with double stapling: a safe and efficient treatment for fourth degree haemorrhoids. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 2006; 106: 717–718
Boccasanta P, Venturi M, Gaincario R. Stapled transanal rectal resection versus stapled anopexy in the cure of hemorrhoids associated with rectal prolapse. A randomised controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22: 245–251
Corman ML, Gravie JF, Hager T, Loudon MA, Mascagni D, Nystrom PO, et al. Stapled haem-orrhoidopexy: a consensus position paper by an international working party — indications, contraindications and technique. Colorectal Dis 2003; 5: 304–310
Huang WS, Lin PY, Chiu CC, Yeh CH, Hsieh CC, Chuang TS, et al. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy for prolapsed hemorrhoids in patients with liver cirrhosis, a preliminary outcome of 8-case experience. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22: 1083–1089
Hegedus L, Ladocsi B, Wellner I, Olah A. New surgical method in the treatment of severe hemorrhoidal bleeding caused by decompensated liver cirrhosis. Magyar Sebeszet 2001; 54: 52–53
Parvaiz A, Azeem S, Singh RK, Lamparelli M. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy: an alternative technique for the treatment of bleeding anorectal varices. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rect 2006; 49: 411–412
Mlakar B. Should we avoid stapled hemorrhoidopexy in males and females who practice receptive anal sex? Dis Colon Rect 2007; 50: 1727
Kekez T, Bulic K, Smudj D, Majerovic M. Is stapled hemorrhoidopexy safe for the male homosexual patient? Report of a case. Surg Today 2007; 37: 335–337
Boccasanta P, Venturi M, Stuto A, Bottini C, Caviglia A, Carriero A, et al. Stapled transanal rectal resection for outlet obstruction: a prospective, multicenter trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 1285–1297
Schwandner O, Farke S, Bruch HP. Stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for obstructed defecation caused by rectocele and rectoanal intussusception. Viszeralchirurgie 2005; 40: 331–341
Ommer A, Albrecht K, Wenger F, Walz MK. Stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR): a new option in the treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome. Langenbeck's Arch Surg 2006; 391: 32–37
Schwandner O, Fürst A. German STARR Registry (2007) Preliminary results of a prospective, multicenter observational study. Coloproctol 2007; 29: 13–21
Pescatori M, Dodi G, Salafia C, Zbar AP. Rectovaginal fistula after double-stapled transanal rectotomy (STARR) for obstructed defecation. Int J Colorectal Dis 2005; 20: 83–85
Dodi G, Pietroletti R, Milito G, Binda G, Pescatori M. Bleeding, incontinence, pain and constipation after STARR transanal double stapling rectotomy for obstructed defecation. Tech Coloproctol 2003; 7: 148–153
Corman ML, Carriero A, Hager T, Herold A, Jayne DG, Lehur PA, et al. Consensus conference on the stapled rectal resection resection (STARR) for disordered defaecation. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8: 98–101
Jayne DG, Finan PJ. Stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructed defaecation and evidence-based practice. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 793–794
Altomore DF, Spazzafuma L, Rinaldi M, Dodi G, Ghiselli R, Piloni V. Set-up and statistical validation of a new scoring system for obstructed defaecation syndrome. Colorectal Dis 2008; 10: 84–88
Renzi A, Izzo D, Di Sarno G, Izzo G, Di Martino N. Stapled transanal rectal resection to treat obstructed defecation caused by rectal intussusception and rec-tocele. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21: 661–667
Choi JS, Hwang YH, Salum MR, Weiss EG, Pikarsky AJ, Nogueras JJ, et al. Outcome and management of patients with large rectoanal intussusception. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 740–744
Mimura T, Roy AJ, Storrie JB, Kamm MA. Treatment of impaired defecation associated with rectocele by behavioral retraining (biofeedback). Dis Colon Rect 2000; 43: 1267–1272
Petersen S, Hellmich G, Schuster A, Lehmann D, Albert W, Ludwig K. Stapled transanal rectal resection under laparoscopic surveillance for rectocele and concomitant enterocele. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49: 1–5
Schwandner O, Stuto A, Jayne D, Lenisa L, Pigot F, Tuech JJ, Scherer R, Nugent K, Corbisier F, Basany EE, Hetzer FH. Decision-making algorithm for the STARR procedure in obstructed defecation syndrome: position statement of the group of STARR pioneers. Surg Innov 2008; 15: 105–109 DOI 10.1177/1553350608316684
Sperber AD, Shvartzman P, Friger M, Fich A. A comparative reappraisal of the Rome II and Rome III diagnostic criteria: are we getting closer to the “true” prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome ? 1. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 441–447
Renzi C, Pescatori M. Psychologic aspects in proc-talgia. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 535–539
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schwandner, O., Scherer, R. (2009). Patient Selection for Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and STARR. In: Jayne, D., Stuto, A. (eds) Transanal Stapling Techniques for Anorectal Prolapse. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-905-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-905-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-904-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-905-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)